The influences of temperature and normal load on the shear strength of snow consisting of precipitation particles

Matsushita, Hiroki; Matsuzawa, Masaru; Abe, Osamu

doi:10.3189/2012aog61a022

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Isothermal snow sintering is mainly controlled by vapour diffusion (Hobbs and Mason, 1964), while external pressure intensifies the process through plastic deformation and recrystallization (Blackford, 2007). Experimentally and theoretically it was shown that the bond-to-grain ratio and strength change with time according to a power law on samples of ice spheres and homogeneous snow (Hobbs and Mason, 1964;Mellor, 1975;Colbeck, 1997;van Herwijnen and Miller, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing of snow surface-to-surface contacts by isothermal sintering

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Natural sintering in ice is a fundamental process determining mechanical properties of various ice forms. According to the literature, limited data are available about the complex subjects of snow sintering and bond formation. Here, through cold laboratory mechanical tests with a new shear apparatus we demonstrate time-dependent effects of isothermal sintering on interface strengthening at various normal pressures. Measurements showed that interfacial strength evolved rapidly, conforming to a power law (mean exponent &approx; 0.21); higher pressure corresponded to higher initial strength and sintering rates. Our findings are consistent with observations on homogeneous snow, provide unique records essential for slope stability models and indicate the significant importance of normal load on data interpretation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing of snow surface-to-surface contacts by isothermal sintering

et al. 2014

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“…Jamieson and Johnston (1998) reported similar influence on non-persistent weak layers, but found no significant effect on persistent weak layers, thus proposing φ = 0 • . Recently Matsushita et al (2012) conducted tests with artificial precipitation snow to investigate temporal variation of the shear strength and concluded that the influence of normal load on the strength was more significant than temperature. Overall, most of these studies investigated the influence of normal pressure using shear-frames.…”

Section: Objectives and Scope Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating snow weak-layer failure parameters through inverse finite element modelling of shaking-platform experiments

Podolskiy¹,

Chambon²,

Naaïm³

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Snowpack weak layers may fail due to excess stresses of various natures, caused by snowfall, skiers, explosions or strong ground motion due to earthquakes, and lead to snow avalanches. This research presents a numerical model describing the failure of "sandwich" snow samples subjected to shaking. The finite element model treats weak layers as interfaces with variable mechanical parameters. This approach is validated by reproducing cyclic loading snow fracture experiments. The model evaluation revealed that the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, governed by cohesion and friction angle, was adequate to describe the experiments. The model showed the complex, non-homogeneous stress evolution within the snow samples and especially the importance of tension on fracture initiation at the edges of the weak layer, caused by dynamic stresses due to shaking. Accordingly, a simplified analytical solution, ignoring the inhomogeneity of tangential and normal stresses along the failure plane, may incorrectly estimate the shear strength of the weak layers. The values for "best fit" cohesion and friction angle were ≈ 1.6 kPa and 22.5-60 • . These may constitute valuable first approximations in mechanical models used for avalanche forecasting.

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Section: Objectives and Scope Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating snow weak-layer rupture parameters through inverse Finite Element modeling of shaking-platform experiments

Podolskiy¹,

Chambon²,

Naaïm³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Abstract. Snowpack weak layers may fail due to excess stresses of various natures, caused by snowfall, skiers, explosions or strong ground motion due to earthquakes, and lead to snow avalanches. This research presents a model describing the behavior of "sandwich" snow samples subjected to shaking. The Finite Element model treats weak layers as interfaces with variable constitutive behavior parameters. This approach is validated by reproducing cyclic loading snow fracture experiments. The model evaluation revealed that the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, governed by cohesion and friction angle, was adequate to describe the experiments. The "best fit" cohesion and friction angle were ≈1.6 kPa and 22.5–60°, indicating that the cohesion mainly determines the outcome of tests. The model showed complex, non-homogeneous stress evolution within snow samples and especially the significance of tension for fracture initiation at the edges of the weak layer, caused by dynamic stresses due to shaking. Accordingly, the previously used analytical solution, ignoring the inhomogeneity of tangential and normal stresses along the failure plane, may incorrectly estimate the shear strength of weak layers. The obtained parameters may constitute valuable elements in mechanical models used for avalanche forecasting.

show abstract

The influences of temperature and normal load on the shear strength of snow consisting of precipitation particles

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Healing of snow surface-to-surface contacts by isothermal sintering

Healing of snow surface-to-surface contacts by isothermal sintering

Evaluating snow weak-layer failure parameters through inverse finite element modelling of shaking-platform experiments

Evaluating snow weak-layer rupture parameters through inverse Finite Element modeling of shaking-platform experiments

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