The Influence of Zinc Dimethacrylate on Crosslink Density, Physical Properties and Heat Aging Resistance of Sulfur Vulcanized Styrene Butadiene Rubber

Naebpetch, Weerawut; Junhasavasdikul, Banja; Saetung, Anuwat; Tulyapitak, Tulyapong; Nithi‐Uthai, Nattapong

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.45

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…A synergistic combination of peroxide and sulphur cures might be achieved if it is possible to obtain a network with carbon-carbon crosslinks that provide thermal stability, and at the same time sulphidic crosslinks that provide good tensile strength and elongation at break. Naebpetch et al [6] attempted to develop a mixed vulcanisation by adding metallic co-agents to sulphur-cured styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds, to obtain ionic linkages that improve the thermal resistance, while excellent mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties would be retained. However, the results showed no success with the ionic linkages [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naebpetch et al [6] attempted to develop a mixed vulcanisation by adding metallic co-agents to sulphur-cured styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds, to obtain ionic linkages that improve the thermal resistance, while excellent mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties would be retained. However, the results showed no success with the ionic linkages [6]. A synergistic combination of the sulphur EV system and the peroxide cure with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) as co-agent, for an SBR compound, was proposed by Naebpetch et al [7] to have crosslinks formed by sulphur, carbon-carbon, and ionic linkages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of filler type and loading on cure characteristics and vulcanisate properties of SBR compounds with a novel mixed vulcanisation system

Naebpetch

Junhasavasdikul

Saetung

et al. 2017

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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In the present work, the influences of filler type and content on cure characteristics, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, and heat aging resistance of filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds cured with a mixed vulcanisation system were assessed. A new mixed curing system was developed to obtain vulcanisates with excellent mechanical properties and heat aging resistance compared to those with a commercial EV cure system. The results show that filler has stronger effect on scorch time, cure time and cure rate index with the EV system than with the mixed curing system. The torque difference of filled SBR compounds depends on the filler content. With mixed vulcanisation, it is easier to control the conditions during moulding when the formulation is altered, particularly with a change in filler content. The mixed vulcanisation gave overall improved mechanical properties, heat build-up and heat aging resistance compared to the EV system, even though reinforcing fillers were used in the SBR compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of filler type and loading on cure characteristics and vulcanisate properties of SBR compounds with a novel mixed vulcanisation system

Naebpetch

Junhasavasdikul

Saetung

et al. 2017

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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“…It is important to note that the use of ZnDA together with peroxides to cure and improve the rubber’s properties, has been applied in industry for decades [ 68 , 74 , 75 ]. On the other hand, the addition of ionomeric additives, such as ZnDA, to conventional PP is reported to improve its melt strength, and also other properties (hardness, impact strength, HDT, chemical resistance, gas barrier, etc.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Polypropylene–Calcium Sulfate (Anhydrite II) Composites: The Key Role of Zinc Ionomers via Reactive Extrusion

et al. 2023

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Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most versatile polymers widely used in packaging, textiles, automotive, and electrical applications. Melt blending of PP with micro- and/or nano-fillers is a common approach for obtaining specific end-use characteristics and major enhancements of properties. The study aims to develop high-performance composites by filling PP with CaSO4 β-anhydrite II (AII) issued from natural gypsum. The effects of the addition of up to 40 wt.% AII into PP matrix have been deeply evaluated in terms of morphology, mechanical and thermal properties. The PP–AII composites (without any modifier) as produced with internal mixers showed enhanced thermal stability and stiffness. At high filler loadings (40% AII), there was a significant decrease in tensile strength and impact resistance; therefore, custom formulations with special reactive modifiers/compatibilizers (PP functionalized/grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and zinc diacrylate (ZnDA)) were developed. The study revealed that the addition of only 2% ZnDA (able to induce ionomeric character) leads to PP–AII composites characterized by improved kinetics of crystallization, remarkable thermal stability, and enhanced mechanical properties, i.e., high tensile strength, rigidity, and even rise in impact resistance. The formation of Zn ionomers and dynamic ionic crosslinks, finer dispersion of AII microparticles, and better compatibility within the polyolefinic matrix allow us to explain the recorded increase in properties. Interestingly, the PP–AII composites also exhibited significant improvements in the elastic behavior under dynamic mechanical stress and of the heat deflection temperature (HDT), thus paving the way for engineering applications. Larger experimental trials have been conducted to produce the most promising composite materials by reactive extrusion (REx) on twin-screw extruders, while evaluating their performances through various methods of analysis and processing.

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“…[ 1 ] Hayes and Conard [ 2 ] reported for the first time that ZDMA was used as an additive for hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), and its abrasion resistance, tear strength, and high‐temperature performance were significantly improved. Since then, different types of rubber, such as NR, [ 3–8 ] styrene‐butadiene rubber, [ 9 ] ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), [ 10–16 ] nitrile rubber (NBR), [ 17–20 ] and HNBR [ 21,22 ] have been studied and superior physical and mechanical properties have been exhibited by introducing in‐situ polymerization ZDMA. The main effects of ZDMA on rubber can be summarized as: effective improvement of mechanical properties; self‐healing ability; [ 23–26 ] and synergistic effect with other fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving reinforcement of natural rubber latex by introducing poly‐zinc dimethacrylate and sulfur vulcanizing system

Chen

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this work, zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) was employed to reinforce natural rubber latex (NRL) and a new process was introduced. Polymethacrylic acid was prepared by emulsion polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA), then mixed with ZnO in a different mole ratio (ZnO/MAA) and the mixture was noted as PZDMA. It was added to NRL and a traditional sulfur vulcanizing system was adopted simultaneously. The mechanical test results show that compared with the sample "NR," the tensile and tear strength are significantly improved by the addition of PZDMA. When 7 phr ZnO (NR-7A) are loaded, it can reach 25.1 MPa and 62.8 N/mm, which are higher than "NR" by 52.0% and 104.6%, respectively. While the strength of the NRL film reinforced only with PZDMA is quite limited. Detailed analysis by Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometers, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric, and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that PZDMA is successfully formed and dispersed uniformly in NRL, PZDMA acts as a nanoparticle and ionic cross-linking agent, and the covalent cross-linking network is formed by a sulfur vulcanizing agent. The dual cross-linking network shows a synergistic effect on the reinforcement of NRL. The present work provides a process to reinforce NRL with adjustable mechanical properties.mechanical properties, natural rubber latex, poly-zinc dimethacrylate, reinforcement | INTRODUCTIONZinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) can be easily polymerized and grafted to the polymer chain in the presence of peroxide, and has attracted great interest from researchers due to its excellent polymer reinforcement properties. [1] Hayes and Conard [2] reported for the first time that ZDMA was used as an additive for hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), and its abrasion resistance, tear strength, and high-temperature performance were significantly

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The Influence of Zinc Dimethacrylate on Crosslink Density, Physical Properties and Heat Aging Resistance of Sulfur Vulcanized Styrene Butadiene Rubber

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of filler type and loading on cure characteristics and vulcanisate properties of SBR compounds with a novel mixed vulcanisation system

Influence of filler type and loading on cure characteristics and vulcanisate properties of SBR compounds with a novel mixed vulcanisation system

Engineering Polypropylene–Calcium Sulfate (Anhydrite II) Composites: The Key Role of Zinc Ionomers via Reactive Extrusion

Improving reinforcement of natural rubber latex by introducing poly‐zinc dimethacrylate and sulfur vulcanizing system

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