The Influence of Wire Properties on the Quality and Performance of Wire+Arc Additive Manufactured Aluminium Parts

Gu, Jianglong; Ding, Jian; Cong, Baoqiang; Bai, Jintao; Gu, Han; Williams, Stewart; Zhai, Yuling

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.210

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Gu et al [79] studied the influence of wire quality of final parts properties, highlighting that the pre-existence of undesired contaminants is a major driving force for hydrogen cracking. The main Al alloys used in the aerospace industry are 2xxx (Al-Cu) and 7xxx (Al-Zn) series alloys.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2019

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Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable to produce large metallic parts owing to the high deposition rates achieved, which are significantly larger than powder-bed techniques, for example. The interest in WAAM is steadily increasing, and consequently, significant research efforts are underway. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant achievements in WAAM, highlighting process developments and variants to control the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defect generation in the as-built parts; the most relevant engineering materials used; the main deposition strategies adopted to minimize residual stresses and the effect of post-processing heat treatments to improve the mechanical properties of the parts. An important aspect that still hinders this technology is certification and nondestructive testing of the parts, and this is discussed. Finally, a general perspective of future advancements is presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

et al. 2019

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“…Wire arc additive manufacture (WAAM) is an additive manufacturing technology which is based on the discrete additive forming principle to form 3D physical parts suitable for the rapid manufacturing of medium and large-scale parts with medium complexity [1][2][3]. The WAAM method cannot realize net forming at present, which requires subsequent machining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mg Content on Microstructure and Properties of Al–Mg Alloy Produced by the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Method

Ren

Wang³

et al. 2019

Materials

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In this study, an Al-Mg alloy was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacture (WAAM), and the effect of Mg content on the microstructure and properties of Al-Mg alloy deposits was investigated. The effects on the deposition surface oxidation, geometry, burn out rate of Mg, pores, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms were investigated. The results show that, when the Mg content increased, the surface oxidation degree increased; a "wave"-shaped deposition layer occurred when the Mg content reached 8%. When the Mg content was more than 6%, the burning loss rate of the Mg element increased significantly. With the increase of Mg content, the number of pores first decreased and then increased, and the size first decreased and then increased. When the Mg content reached 7% or above, obvious crystallization hot cracks appeared in the deposit bodies. When the Mg content increased, the precipitated phase (FeMn)Al 6 and β(Mg 2 Al 3 ) increased, and the grain size increased. When the Mg content was 6%, the comprehensive mechanical properties were best. The horizontal tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were 310 MPa, 225 MPa and 17%, respectively. The vertical tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were 300 MPa, 215 MPa and 15%, respectively. The fracture morphology was a ductile fracture.

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“…It was determined that the content of Si element in wire had an influence on the formation of Al-Si eutectic. Gu et al [17] further studied how the quality of ER4043 wire affected the quality of WAAM parst, finding that wire quality had a profound influence on the final products in respect of surface, microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire + Arc Additively Manufactured 2050 Al–Li Alloy Wall Deposits

Zhong

Cong

et al. 2019

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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Aluminum-Lithium (Al-Li) alloy is a topic of great interest owing to its high strength and light weight, but there are only a few applications of Al-Li alloy in wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. To identify its feasibility in WAAM process, a special AA2050 Al-Li alloy wire was produced and employed in the production of straight-walled components, using a WAAM system based on variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding (VP-GTAW) process. The influence of post-deposited heat treatment on the microstructure and property of the deposit was investigated using optical micrographs (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness and tensile properties tests. Results revealed that the microstructures of AA2050 aluminum deposits varied with their location layers. The upper layers consisted of fine equiaxed grains, while the bottom layer exhibited a coarse columnar structure. Mechanical properties witnessed a significant improvement after post-deposited heat treatment, with the average micro-hardness reaching 141HV and the ultimate tensile strength exceeding 400 MPa. Fracture morphology exhibited a typical ductile fracture.

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The Influence of Wire Properties on the Quality and Performance of Wire+Arc Additive Manufactured Aluminium Parts

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Effect of Mg Content on Microstructure and Properties of Al–Mg Alloy Produced by the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Method

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire + Arc Additively Manufactured 2050 Al–Li Alloy Wall Deposits

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