The influence of VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerve roots upon the differentiation of Mauthner's cell in Ambystoma

Piatt, Jean

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(69)90040-2

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The earlier in development that the Mauthner cell is deprived of input from the ear, the more likely it is that the cell does not survive and/or form a recognizable Mauthner cell using our criteria. Our removal of an ear at stages earlier than had been removed before, reveals that previous reports of Mauthner cell loss were underestimated (Piatt, ; Goodman and Model, ). While the ipsilateral Mauthner cell is completely undetectable by our current methods of detection in some animals, and we presume this means the cell did not survive and/or develop, we acknowledge that we cannot completely rule out the possibility that the cell has either shrunken down and/or has adopted a new fate instead and is no longer recognizable as a Mauthner cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Inner ear vestibular and auditory neurons of premetamorphic amphibians and fish form synapses on the lateral dendrite of the ipsilateral Mauthner cell, which in turn form synapses on contralateral spinal motor neurons to activate the C‐start escape response (Korn and Faber, ; Sillar, ). A study in axolotls has shown the absence of the Mauthner cell in one‐third of embryos following otic vesicle ablation at Stage 27 (Piatt, ); however, all Mauthner cells were present when the ear was extirpated at a later stage (Stage 34, roughly comparable to Nieuwkoop and Faber Stage 34 for Xenopus laevis ). Goodman and Model also reported an occasional absence of the Mauthner cell (1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goodman and Model also reported an occasional absence of the Mauthner cell (1988). While Piatt () suggested that the inner ear afferents are important for, and often a decisive factor for, the development of the Mauthner cell, Goodman and Model () suggested that surgical perturbations may be the cause of the occasional Mauthner cell absence. Since early ear removal, before the critical period, results in significant loss of the cochlear nuclei neurons (Levi‐Montalcini, ; Parks, ; Born and Rubel, ; Tierney et al, ; Mostafapour et al, ), we reason that removal of the ear at the earlier stages (Piatt, ; Goodman and Model, ) may have prevented the survival and/or differentiation of the Mauthner cell, indicating a yet to be defined critical period for a single cell, in line with variable effects of denervation on hair cells (Kersigo and Fritzsch, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ear manipulations reveal a critical period for survival and dendritic development at the single‐cell level in Mauthner neurons

Elliott

Houston

DeCook

et al. 2015

Developmental Neurobiology

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Second-order sensory neurons are dependent on afferents from the sense organs during a critical period in development for their survival and differentiation. Past research has mostly focused on whole populations of neurons, hampering progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying these critical phases. To move toward a better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of afferent-dependent neuronal development, we developed a new model to study the effects of ear removal on a single identifiable cell in the hindbrain of a frog, the Mauthner cell. Ear extirpation at various stages of Xenopus laevis development defines a critical period of progressively-reduced dependency of Mauthner cell survival/differentiation on the ear afferents. Furthermore, ear removal results in a progressively decreased reduction in the number of dendritic branches. Conversely, addition of an ear results in an increase in the number of dendritic branches. These results suggest that the duration of innervation and the number of inner ear afferents play a quantitative role in Mauthner cell survival/differentiation, including dendritic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ear manipulations reveal a critical period for survival and dendritic development at the single‐cell level in Mauthner neurons

Elliott

Houston

DeCook

et al. 2015

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…Mauthner cells are responsible for initiating the C‐start reflex (Korn and Faber, ). Size of the dendritic tree is directly proportional to the inner ear input (Piatt, ; Goodman and Model, ; Elliott et al, ) possibly affecting the speed at which an action potential can be generated. In addition, the speed at which an action potential travels along the axon is directly related to the diameter of the axon (Hartline and Colman, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonic hedgehog antagonists reduce size and alter patterning of the frog inner ear

Zarei

Fritzsch

et al. 2017

Developmental Neurobiology

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Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a major role in vertebrate development, from regulation of proliferation to the patterning of various organs. In amniotes, Shh affects dorsoventral patterning in the inner ear but affects anteroposterior patterning in teleosts. Currently, it remains unknown the function of Shh in inner ear development in terms of how morphogenesis changes in the sarcopterygian/tetrapod lineage coincide with the evolution of limbs and novel auditory organs in the ear. In this study we used the tetrapod, Xenopus laevis, to test how increasing concentrations of the Shh signal pathway antagonist, Vismodegib, affects ear development. Vismodegib treatment dose dependently alters the development of the ear, hypaxial muscle, and indirectly the Mauthner cell through its interaction with the inner ear afferents. Together, these phenotypes have an effect on escape response. The altered Mauthner cell likely contributes to the increased time to respond to a stimulus. In addition, the increased hypaxial muscle in the trunk likely contributes to the subtle change in animal C-start flexion angle. In the ear, Vismodegib treatment results in decreasing segregation between the gravistatic sensory epithelia as the concentration of Vismodegib increases. Furthermore, at higher doses, there is a loss of the horizontal canal but no enantiomorphic transformation, as in bony fish lacking Shh. Like in amniotes, Shh signaling in frogs affects dorsoventral patterning in the ear, suggesting that auditory sensory evolution in sarcopterygians/tetrapods evolved with a shift of Shh axis specification of the ear.

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“…Several studies suggest that the Mauthner cell is dependent upon input for its development and/or survival. A study in axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) has shown the absence of the Mauthner cell in one-third of embryos following otic vesicle ablation at stage 27 (Piatt, 1969). In one embryo observed by Goodman and Model following ear ablation, the entire Mauthner cell was absent (1988).…”

Section: Hindbrain Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations

Thompson¹

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The influence of VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerve roots upon the differentiation of Mauthner's cell in Ambystoma

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Ear manipulations reveal a critical period for survival and dendritic development at the single‐cell level in Mauthner neurons

Ear manipulations reveal a critical period for survival and dendritic development at the single‐cell level in Mauthner neurons

Sonic hedgehog antagonists reduce size and alter patterning of the frog inner ear

Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations

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