The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans

Galchenko, Alexey Vladimirovich; Gapparova, K.M.; Sidorova, E.

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1996330

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Vitamin K may improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic balance by promoting intestinal homeostasis, regulating vitamin K-dependent proteins, inhibiting intestinal inflammation [ 100 , 101 ], improving calcium absorption, regulating OCN, and promoting bone mineralization [ 102 ], which demonstrated that adequate intake of vitamin K may have a crucial role in regulating diabetic bone damage.…”

Section: Macronutrients and Micronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Bone benefits [ 41 , [138] , [139] , [140] ]: Provide high quality protein, calcium and trace elements for bone formation and metabolism; Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and alkalinizing properties increase bone formation, inhibit bone resorption and reduce trabecular separation; Increase alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, and controls OB proliferation and maturation; Reduce bone resorption and calcium loss caused by saturated fatty acids, high sodium content; Decrease the likelihood of ferroptosis in osteocytes. Vegetarian eating patterns Surplus portion [ 102 , 141 ]: ALA, PUFA, fiber, carotenoids, vitamin B, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin K, potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper, etc. Lack of risk [ 102 , 141 ]: Protein, EPA, DHA, vitamin B 12 , vitamin D, Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Calcium, etc.…”

Section: Recommended Safety Of Diabetic Eating Patterns For Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review

Zeng,

Qian,

Yang

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Macronutrients and Micronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommended Safety Of Diabetic Eating Patterns For Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review

Zeng,

Qian,

Yang

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…Magnesium deficiency may contribute to the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis [ 27 , 57 ], indicating that calcium supplementation should be combined with an adequate magnesium intake. In addition, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) are essential for bone formation [ 58 , 59 ]. It may be suggested that supplementation of zinc, and also of copper and manganese, could add to the beneficial effect of calcium supplementation in selected subjects with osteopenia or osteoporosis.…”

Section: Pathogenic Aspects Of Bone Loss and Nutrient Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative Osteoporosis in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy

Aaseth

Alexander

2023

Nutrients

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Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic accompanied by adverse health effects. The limited efficiency of traditional weight reduction regimens has led to a substantial increase in the use of bariatric surgery. Today, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most used procedures. The present narrative review focuses on the risk of developing postoperative osteoporosis and summarizes some of the most relevant micronutrient deficiencies associated with RYGB and SG. Preoperatively, the dietary habits of obese individuals might lead to precipitated deficiencies in vitamin D and other nutrients affecting bone mineral metabolism. Bariatric surgery with SG or RYGB can aggravate these deficiencies. The various surgical procedures appear to affect nutrient absorption differently. Being purely restrictive, SG may particularly affect the absorption of vitamin B12 and also vitamin D. In contrast, RYGB has a more profound impact on the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and other nutrients, although both surgical methods induce only a mild protein deficiency. Despite adequate supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, osteoporosis may still occur after the surgery. This might be due to deficiencies in other micronutrients, e.g., vitamin K and zinc. Regular follow-ups with individual assessments and nutritional advice are indispensable to prevent osteoporosis and other adverse postoperative issues.

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“…In addition, a recent meta-analysis of 17 cross-sectional studies that included 13,888 patients revealed that both vegetarians and vegans exhibited lower lumbar spine, femoral neck, and whole-body BMDs than omnivores [ 21 ]. However, other studies showed that both BMD and risk of osteoporotic fractures were similar between vegetarians and omnivores [ 22 , 23 ]. Given the conflicting literature on the effect of vegetarian diet on BMD [ 24 ] and the lack of studies of its effect on TBS, this study aimed to longitudinally compare changes in BMD and TBS at the spine and hip in vegetarian and non-vegetarian middle-aged and older women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Bone Mineral Density and Trabecular Bone Score over Time between Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Three-Year Retrospective Medical Record Review

Chuang

Koo

Chuang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The effect of a vegetarian diet on bone health remains controversial. This retrospective medical record review compared changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) between vegetarian and non-vegetarian middle-aged and older women who underwent two general health examinations (T1 and T2) that were approximately three years apart. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the change in lumbar spine and bilateral hip BMD and TBS over time. At T1, the mean age of the patients was 56.6 years (standard deviation 9.7 years) and the mean interval between T1 and T2 was 2.7 years. For women aged 40‒55 years, compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarians were significantly associated with a larger reduction in lumbar spine BMD (p < 0.001) and left hip femoral neck BMD (p = 0.015) over the three-year interval. On the contrary, changes in BMD were not significant at any site in women aged ≥ 56 years. Moreover, the changes in BMD and TBS over the three-year interval did not significantly differ between vegetarian and non-vegetarian women aged 65‒90 years. In conclusion, for women aged 40‒55 years, vegetarian diets reduced bone quantity, as measured by BMD, but not bone quality, as measured by TBS.

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The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans

Cited by 17 publications

References 192 publications

Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review

Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review

Postoperative Osteoporosis in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy

Changes in Bone Mineral Density and Trabecular Bone Score over Time between Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Three-Year Retrospective Medical Record Review

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