The influence of UV-B radiation on the physicochemical nature of tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>L.) leaf surfaces

Barnes, Jeremy; Percy, Kevin E.; Paul, Nigel D.; Jones, Pam; McLaughlin, C.K.; Mullineaux, Phil; Creissen, Gary; Wellburn, A. R.

doi:10.1093/jxb/47.1.99

Cited by 121 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A similar role for trichomes on the surface of young or ripening fruits has been reported in different species (Miller, 1984;Harrison and Beveridge, 2002;Celano et al, 2009). Trichomes may also form a barrier against harmful excess solar radiation (UV), which is then unable to penetrate the deeper layers of the pericarp as the rays are dispersed and reflected from its surface (Barnes et al, 1996). The ephemeral trichomes on the Ligol fruits fell off, leaving scars which potentially are penetration sites for bacterial or fungal pathogens during subsequent development stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Fruit Epidermis of Apple Malus Domestica cv. Ligol (Rosaceae) at Fruit Set, Maturity and Storage

Konarska¹

2015

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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Fruit quality is closely related to the structure of the fruit peel, especially the epidermis and cuticle which form a barrier between its internal and external environments. This study used light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine changes in the epidermal structures of fruits of the Polish apple cultivar Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Ligol at three maturity stages. The single-layered epidermis was covered with cuticle and crystalline wax platelets. In the fruit set stage the fruit surface exhibited numerous nonglandular trichomes, stomata, microcracks and crystalline wax platelets. The surface of fruits at harvest and after 6-month controlledatmosphere storage exhibited lenticels and horizontally or vertically oriented wax platelets. During fruit development there was an increase in epidermal cuticle thickness and a reduction in epidermal cell convexity and number of lenticels. After the storage period fruit weight declined, microcracks deepened and widened, and cuticular waxes accumulated. The cuticle was made up of two layers, lamellar and reticulate. In successive fruit development stages the width of the lamellar layer increased considerably. In the fruit set and harvest maturity stages the epidermal cells contained numerous mitochondria and plastids with starch grains. After the storage period there were fewer amyloplasts and the cell vacuoles contained flocculent residue and dark deposits.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Epicuticular wax, epidermis and cuticle, fruit, Malus, microcracks, micromorphology, plant surface, ultrastructure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Fruit Epidermis of Apple Malus Domestica cv. Ligol (Rosaceae) at Fruit Set, Maturity and Storage

Konarska¹

2015

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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“…All the areas were selected in positions with an evident and uniform wax layer. Chloroform was used to remove the epicuticular waxes (Rosenquist & Morrison, 1988;Barnes et al, 1996;Holmes & Keiller, 2002). Berries were rinsed with pure chloroform and wiped with rough paper (to obtain an abrasive effect) three times to ensure the total removal of the waxes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Berry Epicuticular Waxes in Four Georgian Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

Rustioni

Maghradze²,

Failla

2016

SAJEV

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The epidermis of plant shoot organs is generally covered by epicuticular waxes. The role of this layer is related mainly to the protection of the inner tissues from biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, attention is focused on the optical properties of the berry epicuticular waxes of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) at fruit ripening. The reflectance of the berry surface was measured before and after chloroform treatments in four Georgian grape cultivars grown in northern Italy. Epicarp optical properties were underlined at different wavelengths (341 to 1025 nm) for each cultivar. The results show that the berry waxes have several optical properties; it is possible that their main eco-physiological effect is to provide specific protection against different types of radiation. Besides the physiological aspects, the results are interesting also from a technical point of view in the field of interpretation of reflectance measurements carried out by non-invasive instruments.

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“…Under extreme water deficit, cuticular wax deposition was found to increase by ;2-to 3-fold in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana glauca (Jenks et al, 2001;Cameron et al, 2006;Kosma et al, 2009). High levels of UV-B radiation and lower temperature also influence the cuticular wax quantity and composition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Citrus leaves (Riederer and Schneider, 1990;Barnes et al, 1996). The AP2/EREBP-type transcription factor WIN1/SHN1 was first reported as a transcriptional activator that regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis (Aharoni et al, 2004;Broun et al, 2004), although later reports suggest that WIN1/SHN1 directly activates the expression of genes involved in cutin biosynthesis and indirectly affects cuticular wax production (Kannangara et al, 2007;Shi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ArabidopsisCuticular Wax Biosynthesis Is Negatively Regulated by theDEWAXGene Encoding an AP2/ERF-Type Transcription Factor

et al. 2014

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The aerial parts of plants are protected from desiccation and other stress by surface cuticular waxes. The total cuticular wax loads and the expression of wax biosynthetic genes are significantly downregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana under dark conditions. We isolated Decrease Wax Biosynthesis (DEWAX), which encodes an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in the epidermis and induced by darkness. Disruption of DEWAX leads to an increase in total leaf and stem wax loads, and the excess wax phenotype of dewax was restored to wild type levels in complementation lines. Moreover, overexpression of DEWAX resulted in a reduction in total wax loads in leaves and stems compared with the wild type and altered the ultrastructure of cuticular layers. DEWAX negatively regulates the expression of alkane-forming enzyme, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, ATP citrate lyase A subunit, enoyl-CoA reductase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that DEWAX directly interacts with the promoters of wax biosynthesis genes. Cuticular wax biosynthesis is negatively regulated twice a day by the expression of DEWAX, throughout the night and at stomata closing. Significantly higher levels (10-to 100-fold) of DEWAX transcripts were found in leaves than in stems, suggesting that DEWAX-mediated transcriptional repression may be an additional mechanism contributing to the different total wax loads in leaves and stems.

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The influence of UV-B radiation on the physicochemical nature of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) leaf surfaces

Cited by 121 publications

References 55 publications

Morphological, Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Fruit Epidermis of Apple Malus Domestica cv. Ligol (Rosaceae) at Fruit Set, Maturity and Storage

Morphological, Histological and Ultrastructural Changes in Fruit Epidermis of Apple Malus Domestica cv. Ligol (Rosaceae) at Fruit Set, Maturity and Storage

Optical Properties of Berry Epicuticular Waxes in Four Georgian Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

ArabidopsisCuticular Wax Biosynthesis Is Negatively Regulated by theDEWAXGene Encoding an AP2/ERF-Type Transcription Factor

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