“…Surprisingly, despite the popularity and effectiveness of these systems (and perhaps because they appear to work so well), there has been little research published on their design, usability, or user experiences (Chughtai, Zhang, & Craig, 2015;Lin, Chen, Sun, & Tsai, 2014;Lin, Wu, & Hsueh, 2014;Sung & Mayer, 2012). Both early and current research on ITSs has been driven primarily by considerations related to learning processes and performance gains.…”