The Influence of Unusual Hot Weather on the Occurrence of Several Arthropod Crop Pests.

Abstract

Abstract:In order to project the influence of global climatic changes on insects, we examined the effects of a rise in temperature of 2-3°C on the phenology and occurrence of arthropod crop pests using data obtained from Kagoshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan, in 1998. The average temperature of this year was 2°C higher than that between 1960-1998. Several arthropod species emerged earlier than previous years because of the unusually high average temperature. These species were Homona magnanima, Adoxophyes honmai, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, aphids (mainly Myzus persicae and Lipaphis erysimi), and Tetranychus kanzawai. All species showed developmental zeros of less than 10°C. In contrast, Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera, whose developmental zeros were above the mean winter temperature, emerged as usual in the spring. A possible increase in the number of generations per year was not clearly shown by the trap capture records, but all species are likely to have 1-2 more generations. The total number of male S. litura captured by pheromone traps in 1998 was the largest during the past 14 years. There was a positive correlation between the abundance of males and the mean annual temperatures. In contrast, H. magnanima, A. honmai and aphids were less abundant in 1998, and this occurs once per 4-10 years. No detectable difference in abundance was observed in H. armigera. We concluded that an elevation in mean temperature of 2°C would impact the phenology of insects, but the pattern of response would greatly vary among species.

The impact of global warming and land‐use change on the pest status of rice and fruit bugs (Heteroptera) in Japan

“…Species with a high T 0 for preoviposition period tend to have increased reproductive activity. Yamaguchi et al (2001) demonstrated that high temperature in early spring accelerates the appearance of overwintering insects especially in those species with low T 0 .…”

“…The effects of environmental changes on arthropods have been reviewed and discussed extensively (Kiritani, 1988(Kiritani, , 1991(Kiritani, , 1999(Kiritani, , 2001Cammell & Knight, 1992;Kareiva et al, 1993;Harrington & Stork, 1995;Heong et al, 1995;Morimoto et al, 1998;Yamamura & Kiritani, 1998;McCarty, 2001;Yamaguchi et al, 2001;Yamamura & Yokozawa, 2002). Such changes relate to range expansion, replacement of dominant species, seasonal phenology and occurrence of potential crop pests.…”

Modelling the potential distribution of the invasive tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…These predictions are particularly relevant in a world disturbed by ongoing climatic changes (Yamaguchi et al 2001;Williams and Liebhold 2002;Kiritani 2006;Thuiller et al 2006) and by the increasing exchange of goods and people (McNeely 2006).…”

Estimation of the immigration time of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) adults in citrus orchards as a function of the total effective temperature

“…Two different approaches have been applied to project the influence of global warming on insects-estimating an increase in the number of generations using a formula based on effective temperature (Yamamura and Kiritani, 1998) and examining a change in the phenology and occurrence of pests using field survey data collected in years with an unusually high temperature (Yamaguchi et al, 2001). Although the influence of global warming on S. dorsalis populations is presently unclear, the regression line obtained in the present study would be helpful in predicting the changes in the life cycle of S. dorsalis caused by global warming if census data can be related to the actual field conditions.…”