The influence of traumatic acid on the growth and metabolite content of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck

Abstract

The effect of exogenous traumatic acid, (2E)-dodecene-1,12-dioic acid (TA), at concentrations of 10 -6 -10 -3 M on the growth and development of the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris was examined over 7 days. TA plays an important role in algal growth and development. Treatment with 10 -5 M TA resulted in the greatest increase in cell numbers, by 77%, chlorophyll a content, by 126%, chlorophyll b, by 45%, total carotenoids, by 65%, monosaccharides, by 111%, and water-soluble proteins, by 37%, in relation to the control. After three days of treatment with 10 -5 M TA cultures were analysed by SDS-PAGE, which showed the presence of new polypeptides with molecular weights 13-103 kDa.

Effect of traumatic acid on antioxidant activity in Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae)

“…Therefore, it can be supposed that in C. vulgaris the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes by TA is related to the control of growth and numerous metabolic processes which leading to the induction of cell division and, as we pointed out in the previous study, to the intensification of biosynthesis in them, as well as the accumulation of primary metabolites. Moreover, traumatic acid, especially at concentrations of 10 -6 -10 -5 M, on the 3rd day of culture caused more than doubling of algae cell growth (by 77% in comparison with control) (Pietryczuk et al 2008). This is closely related to the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity, which has also been observed to be the most active, in comparison to control, on the 3rd day of the experiment.…”

“…-5 M the greatest increase (in comparison to control) in cell number, proteins, monosaccharides and photosynthetic pigments has been observed (Pietryczuk et al 2008). These concentrations therefore have been deemed as the most active.…”

“…Our previous research has shown that TA triggers an increase in cell number (by 77%), as well as cell content of primary metabolites: monosaccharides by 111%, chlorophyll a by 126%, chlorophyll b by 45%, carotenoids by 65% and cell proteins by 37%, of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) in comparison with control, especially at concentrations of 10 -6 -10 -5 M on the 3rd day of culture. It has also been pointed out that new proteins (unidentified in control) with molecular masses of 13-103 kDa appear in algae cells treated with exogenous TA (Pietryczuk et al 2008). Experimentally there are also reasons to believe that TA, most probably acting in synergy with other phytohormones, particularly jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA), plays an important role in inducing physiological and metabolic responses not only to injury but also to many other environmental stress factors (Sivasankar et al 2000).…”

“…We tested the hypothesis that TA-induced changes in growth and metabolism may be connected with its influence on the oxidative response. For this purpose the influence of TA on the activity of the primary antioxidant enzymes: glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dysmutase (SOD), NADHdependent peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase, has been analysed in a previously established optimal scope of concentrations (Pietryczuk et al 2008). The degree of protein modification has also been analysed regarding their content of the SH groups (reduced thiol group) and lipids peroxidation, based on the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA).…”

Influence of traumatic acid on growth and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris under conditions of salt stress

“…They are intensively synthesized by plants as a response to wounding, usually that caused by phytophages and pathogens. Numerous studies have proven that traumatin and related compounds occur quite commonly in the world of vascular plants and lower organisms, such as fungi and algae, and cooperate with other phytohormones in the stimulation of growth, adaptation to stresses, and regulation of many physiological and metabolic processes (Siedow 1991; Pietryczuk and Czerpak 2006;Pietryczuk et al 2008).…”