The influence of titanium surfaces treated by alkalis on macrophage and osteoblast-like cell adhesion and gene expression in vitro

Abstract

Achieving fast and long-term osseointegration is one of the major goals in dental implant design. Physicchemical surface modification is a key to osseointegration improvement. Two types of alkaline modifications, 1 M sodium bicarbonate and 0.05 M sodium hydroxide, were applied on the sand-blasting and acid etching (SLA) titanium surface. After the alkaline treatments, superhydrophilic SLA surfaces were produced. The mRNA expression level of IL-1b of Raw264.7 cells cultured on the sodium bicarbonate treated SLA surface was inhibited compared with SLA and sodium hydroxide treated surfaces, while MMP-9 expression on the sodium hydroxide treated SLA surface was increased with comparison to SLA and sodium bicarbonate treated surfaces. Cell adhesion of osteoblast-like MG63 cells on surfaces with alkaline treatments were moderately more pronounced than that on the SLA surface. With comparison to SLA surface, the proliferation of MG63 cells was decreased, while the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was enhanced on the sodium bicarbonate treated SLA surface after 3 days. An increased mRNA expression level of integrin a v of MG63 cells were observed on the alkali treated surfaces compared with the SLA surface. Integrin b 1 , osteocalcin (OCN) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were enhanced on the sodium bicarbonate treated SLA surface when compared to the SLA surface. The results imply that the inflammation-related gene expression of macrophage cells is changed on sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate treated SLA surfaces; the early adhesion of osteoblast-like cells is enhanced by both alkaline treatments, while the osteogenic differentiation is improved on sodium bicarbonate treated surface.

Positive role of calcium phosphate ceramics regulated inflammation in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…Actually, the inflammatory response was mainly dependent on materials properties, as well as individual differences and wound location. Inflammation induced by implants was widely investigated in recent years and its role in bone regeneration became more evident and crucial (Fellah, Chappard, Weiss, & Layrolle, 2007;Gamblin et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2015;Velard, Braux, Amedee, & Laquerriere, 2013;Walschus et al, 2009). It was found that cytokines secretion from macrophages regulated by biomaterial's physiological properties could make a significant impact on MSCs' behavior and fate.…”

Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Protein Adsorption of Titanium Surface by Sodium Bicarbonate Solution

“…Machined Ti discs were made of commercially pure titanium that conformed with ISO 5832-2 grade 4 by milling process. As stated in the previous study [22], SLA discs were produced by sand-blasting machined Ti discs with Al 2 O 3 particles (particle size 250-500 m) and then acid-etching the specimens in a boiling mixture of hydrochloric and sulphuric acid. Both discs were treated in nitric acid, deionised water, and air in sequence for them to be cleaned, rinsed, and dried correspondingly.…”

Facile distribution of an alkaline microenvironment improves human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis on a titanium surface through the ITG/FAK/ALP pathway

“…We also found that increased concentration of sodium bicarbonate improved the surface hydrophilicity, which was probably due to changes in the concentration of hydroxyl groups [29]. Moreover, our previous studies have shown that the effect of sodium bicarbonate immersion on titanium discs was reduced by extensive rinsing [18,19]. In this study, we immersed the discs into sodium bicarbonate without rinsing shortly before BM seeding to simulate sodium bicarbonate preservation of dental implants.…”

“…Commercially pure titanium discs (ISO 5832-2 grade 4) with 1 mm thickness and 15 mm diameters were prepared as previously described [18,19]. In brief, the SLA surface modification was obtained by blasting with grits of 0.25-0.50 m Al 2 O 3 and acid etching followed by etching with hot HCl (10-16%)/H 2 SO 4 (68-75%) at a temperature of 80-90°C.…”

“…Its clinical application is also limited by potential complications [17]. Our previous work showed that soaking in sodium bicarbonate, a mild alkaline compound with low biohazard potential, changed hydrophobic SLA titanium surfaces to hydrophilic and further improved osteoblast early adhesion and differentiation in vitro [18,19]. Moreover, sodium bicarbonate is a well-known pH buffer that regulates acid and base equilibrium by hydrolysis and ionization reactions.…”