The influence of timing and seeding rates on the yield of winter wheat

Abstract

Abstract. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the study of seeding rates – 3, 4, 5 million germinating seeds per 1 ha, and sowing dates, in the rainfed conditions of the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania, on two new high-yielding varieties – Gomer and Bagrat, bred by the National Central Plant named after. P. P. Lukyanenko. The purpose of the research is to study the optimal sowing dates and sowing rates of new high-yielding winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. Scientific novelty. For the first time in specific soil and climatic conditions of the steppe zone, the reaction of new zoned varieties to different sowing dates and seeding rates was studied. Methodology. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021, on the experimental fields of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center, located in the steppe zone of the Mozdok region. Sowing was carried out on September 10, 20, 30. We studied seeding rates of 3, 4, and 5 million germinating seeds. Before sowing, the seeds were treated with “Tabu Neo” insecticide (to protect seeds from pests) and “Maksim Forte” fungicide (to protect seeds from pathogens). Results. It has been established that the sowing of winter wheat in the third sowing period (September 30) with a seeding rate of 5 million. of germinating seeds per 1 ha showed the best results in terms of yield, where the yield of the Gomer variety was – 4.74 t/ha, when the same variety, when sown in the 1st term (September 10), the yield was 4.45 t/ha. The same trend was revealed for the variety Bagrat, where the yield was the highest – 4.65 t/ha, with a seeding rate of 5 million seedlings. Seeds per 1 ha in the third sowing period. The studied varieties formed a heavier grain in the third sowing period (September 30). In the winter wheat variety Homer, the weight of 1000 seeds was 45.4 g. in the variety Bagrat – 43.9 g.