The influence of time structure on prediction motion in visual and auditory modalities

Abstract

Usually people can estimate the correct position of a moving object even when it temporarily moves behind an occlusion. Studies have been performed on this type of occluded motion with prediction motion (PM) tasks in the laboratory. Previous publications have emphasized that people could use mental imagery or apply an oculomotor system to estimate the arrival of a moving stimulus at the target place. Nevertheless, these two ways cannot account for the performance difference under a different set of conditions. Our study tested the role of time structure in a time-to-collision (TTC) task using visual and auditory modalities. In the visual condition, the moving red bar travelled from left to right and was invisible during the entire course but flashed at the initial and the occluded points. The auditory condition and visual condition were alike, except that the flashes in the visual condition were changed to clicks at the initial and the occluded points. The results illustrated that participants' performance was better in the equal time structure condition. The comparison between the two sense modalities demonstrated a similar tendency, which suggested there could be common cognitive processes between visual and auditory modalities when participants took advantage of temporal cues to judge TTC.

The influence of time structure on number prediction motion

“…The results were consistent with those of position PM tasks: From the view of CE results, participants tended to overestimate CTEs when T = 0.5 and T = 1.0 (Qin et al, 2022). Participants tended to underestimate CTEs when T = 1.5 (Li et al, 2015).…”

“…The VE results indicated that participants performed more stably at equal time structure condition than at unequal time structure conditions. In addition, the results of RMSE demonstrated that the participants’ performance was significantly higher at equal time structure condition than unequal time structure conditions (Chang & Jazayeri, 2018; Qin et al, 2022).…”

“…Recently, Chang and Jazayeri (2018) found that the time structure can significantly influence the position PM task (Qin et al, 2022). The time structure ( T ) refers to the ratio of travel time between the visible segment (first segment) and occluded segment (second segment) in position PM tasks (Chang & Jazayeri, 2018).…”

“…Chang and Jazayeri (2018) found that performance was better with equal time structures than with unequal time structures in visual modality. Researchers also found that people performed better when the time structure was equal in the auditory modality (Qin et al, 2022). However, there is no research to explore the role of time structure in number PM task.…”

A Review of Voice-Based Pain Detection in Adults Using Artificial Intelligence

“…Modality is the term used to describe the behavioral or physiological sources of information. The principal behavioral modalities are auditory, body language, tactile, and facial expressions [ 20 , 41 ].…”