The influence of tillage on N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

Cowan, Nicholas; Levy, Peter E.; Famulari, D.; Anderson, Margaret; Drewer, Julia; Carozzi, Marco; Reay, Dave; Skiba, U.

doi:10.5194/bg-13-4811-2016

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…same as the mean values in this region [11] (Figure 4). Several previous studies comparing N2O emissions in renovated and no-renovated treatments at the same time reported 1.3-12.1 times larger N2O emissions in renovated treatment than no-renovated treatment in annual measurements [3,7,8], and similarly, 1.3-12.0 times higher in renovated treatment than no-renovated treatment in short-term (7-24 weeks) measurements [2,6,36]. Comparison of annual N2O emission in this study and Shimizu et al [11].…”

Section: Annual N 2 O Emissions and Nitrate Leaching In Renovated Grasupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Our results of N 2 O emissions in the first year were 3.8-7.3 times higher than the mean values of N 2 O emission in the Hokkaido region, while our results in the second year were almost the same as the mean values in this region [11] (Figure 4). Several previous studies comparing N 2 O emissions in renovated and no-renovated treatments at the same time reported 1.3-12.1 times larger N 2 O emissions in renovated treatment than no-renovated treatment in annual measurements [3,7,8], and similarly, 1.3-12.0 times higher in renovated treatment than no-renovated treatment in short-term (7-24 weeks) measurements [2,6,36].…”

Section: Annual N 2 O Emissions and Nitrate Leaching In Renovated Gramentioning

confidence: 77%

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Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer

et al. 2018

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Managed grassland is occasionally renovated to maintain plant productivity by killing old vegetation, ploughing, and reseeding. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of grassland renovation and long-term manure application on the temporal dynamics of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) leaching. The study was conducted from September 2013 to September 2016 in a managed grassland renovated in September 2013. In this grassland, two treatments were managed—chemical fertilizer application (F treatment) and the combined application of chemical fertilizer and beef cattle manure (MF treatment)—for eight years before the renovation. The control treatment without fertilization (CT) was newly established in the F treatment. The soil N2O flux was measured using a closed chamber method. A leachate sample was collected using a tension-free lysimeter that was installed at the bottom of the Ap horizon (25 cm deep), and total NO3−–N leaching was calculated from leachate NO3−–N concentration and drainage volume was estimated by the water balance method. In the first year after renovation, the absence of plant nitrogen uptake triggered NO3−–N leaching following rainfall during renovation and increased drainage water after thawing. NO3−–N movement from topsoil to deeper soil enhanced N2O production and emission from the soil. N2O emission in MF treatment was 1.6–2.0 times larger than those of CT and F treatments, and NO3−–N leaching in MF treatment was 2.3–2.6 times larger than those of CT and F treatments in the first year. Mineral nitrogen release derived from long-term manure application increased NO3−–N leaching and N2O emission. In the second year, N2O emission and NO3−–N leaching significantly decreased from the first year because of increased plant N uptake and decreased mineral nitrogen surplus, and no significant differences in N2O emission and NO3−–N leaching were observed among the treatments. In the second and third years, NO3−–N leaching was regulated by plant nitrogen uptake. There were no significant differences in NO3−–N leaching among the treatments, but N2O emission in MF treatment was significantly smaller than in the F treatment. Long-term manure application could be a possible option to mitigate N2O emission in permanent grassland; however, the risk of increased NO3−–N leaching and N2O emission in the renovation year induced by manure nitrogen release should be noted.

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Section: Annual N 2 O Emissions and Nitrate Leaching In Renovated Grasupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Annual N 2 O Emissions and Nitrate Leaching In Renovated Gramentioning

confidence: 77%

Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer

et al. 2018

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“…The three fertiliser types used in the experiment were ammonium nitrate pellets (Nitram, NH4 + NO3 -), urea pellets, and urea pellets with a coating of powdered urease inhibitor (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid Triamide; Agrotain®). In 2016, fertiliser was applied twice to experimental plots known as the Engineers Field (Cowan et al, 2016). In 2017, fertiliser was applied three times to experimental plots in an adjacent similarly managed field (known as the Upper Joiner field).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen use efficiency and N2O and NH3 losses attributed to three fertiliser types applied to an intensively managed silage crop

Cowan¹,

Levy²,

Móring³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Three different nitrogen fertilizer types, ammonium nitrate, urea and urea coated with a urease inhibitor (Agrotain&#174;), were applied at standard rates (70&#8201;kg&#8201;N&#8201;ha&#8722;1) to experimental plots in a typical and intensively managed grassland area at Easter Bush Farm Estate (Scotland). The nitrogen use efficiency of the fertilisers was investigated as well as nitrogen losses in the form of nitrous oxide fluxes (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) and during fertilisation events in the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Nitrous oxide was measured by the standard static chamber technique and analysed using Bayesian statistics. Ammonia was measured using passive samplers combined with the FIDES inverse dispersion model. On average, fertilisation with ammonium nitrate supported largest yields and had the highest nitrogen use efficiency, but as large spatial and seasonal variation persisted across the plots, yield differences between the three fertilizer types and zero N control were not consistent. Overall, ammonium nitrate treatment was found to increase yields significantly (p-value&#8201;<&#8201;0.05) when compared to the urea fertilisers. Ammonium nitrate was the largest emitter of N2O (0.76&#8201;% of applied Nr) and the urea was the largest emitter of NH3 (16.5&#8201;% of applied Nr). The urea coated with a urease inhibitor did not significantly increase yields; however, ammonia emissions were substantially smaller (90&#8201;%) when compared to the uncoated urea and N2O emissions were also smaller (47&#8201;%) when compared with ammonium nitrate fertiliser. This study suggests that urea coated with a urease inhibitor is environmentally the best choice in regards to nitrogen pollution, but because of its larger cost and lack of agronomic benefits, it is not economically attractive when compared to ammonium nitrate.

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“…Agricultural soils are the primary source of N 2 O emissions; however, the range of N 2 O emissions differs with the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, manure, soil characteristics, and type of cropping systems adopted by farmers (Gerber et al 2016;Cayuela et al 2017). Moreover, other factors, including moisture, soil pH, organic matter (OM), C:N ratios, management of crop residues, tillage practices, and crop rotations, also affect soil N 2 O emissions (Cowan et al 2016;Perego et al 2016;Shaaban et al 2018a;Liu et al 2019b). N 2 O losses from soil, sediments, and different water bodies occur as a result of microbial processes, mainly nitrification and denitrification (Chiodini et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N2O Emissions Mitigation in Acidic Soil Following Biochar Application Under Different Moisture Regimes

Aamer

Shaaban

Hassan

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Managing soil pH has been recognized as one of the promising options for N 2 O emission mitigation in acidic soils. Rice-straw biochar (BC) application to acidic soils can not only ameliorate soil acidity but also influence N 2 O emissions. We investigated the impact of various levels of rice-straw-derived biochar, a control (no biochar), 2% biochar, and 4% biochar under 50% and 90% water-filled pore space (WFPS) values. In comparison with the application of biochar at 2%, the application of biochar at 4% more pronouncedly altered soil properties (pH, ammonium (NH 4 +-N), nitrate (NO 3-N), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and abundance of nosZ and nirK genes). Similarly, more noticeable changes in soil properties were noted under 90% WFPS than under 50% WFPS. The soil pH increased from 5.67 to 7.29 with the 4% biochar application. In comparison with those following the 2% biochar application and the control, soil mineral N and the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes following the 4% biochar application were more augmented, thereby leading to a remarkable reduction in soil N 2 O emissions. The MBC content in the soil also increased with the BC applications, and the maximum MBC contents of 655 and 428 mg kg −1 dry soil were recorded with the 4% biochar application under 50% and 90% WFPS, respectively. Moreover, in comparison with the control, 4% BC mitigated soil N 2 O emissions by 83%, whereas cumulative N 2 O emissions were mitigated by 49%. In comparison with 90% WFPS, 50% WFPS produced 35% more N 2 O emissions. However, the biochar applications significantly (p < 0.05) reduced N 2 O emissions under both WFPS values owing to an increase in soil pH, which activated mineral N (NH 4 +-N and NO 3 −-N) and enhanced the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes. These results suggest that biochar applications can substantially diminish soil N 2 O emissions by triggering soil pH, soil C and N pools, and the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes.

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The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer

Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer

Nitrogen use efficiency and N<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>3</sub> losses attributed to three fertiliser types applied to an intensively managed silage crop

N2O Emissions Mitigation in Acidic Soil Following Biochar Application Under Different Moisture Regimes

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The influence of tillage on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer

Temporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Nitrate Leaching in Renovated Grassland with Repeated Application of Manure and/or Chemical Fertilizer

Nitrogen use efficiency and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; losses attributed to three fertiliser types applied to an intensively managed silage crop

N2O Emissions Mitigation in Acidic Soil Following Biochar Application Under Different Moisture Regimes

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The influence of tillage on N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from an intensively managed grazed grassland in Scotland

Nitrogen use efficiency and N<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>3</sub> losses attributed to three fertiliser types applied to an intensively managed silage crop