The influence of the surface nature on scattering, fragmentation and deposition processes in C60+ collisions with solid surfaces

Lill, Thorsten; Busmann, H.‐G.; Lacher, F.; Hertel, I. V.

doi:10.1016/0301-0104(94)00420-f

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Whereas detailed information about cluster properties in the gas phase and surface scattering of C 60 and its derivatives ,− has been obtained, little is known about the interaction process of clusters with solid surfaces at hyperthermal energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Impact Chemistry

Christen

Even

1998

J. Phys. Chem. A

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This paper addresses the interaction of molecular cluster ions with a solid surface in the kinetic energy range of 1-100 eV/molecule. We report experimental results on the energy acquisition by the cluster following its impact on the target, the size distribution and the time scale of cluster fragmentation, and first examples of chemical reactions induced by cluster impact. In particular we show that for a p-type diamond film and moderate collision energies the elasticity of the cluster-surface impact is surprisingly high: The intact cluster recoils with typically 75% of its collision energy. Once, however, the clusters have acquired sufficient internal energy they will shatter, mostly to monomers. In the case of protonated ammonia cluster ions this shattering of clusters upon surface impact is shown to be faster than 80 ps. It provides evidence that the technique of cluster impact allows an ultrafast energy redistribution within superheated cluster ions prior to their fragmentation. The feasibility of this fascinating new approach to femtosecond chemistry is demonstrated with impact-induced chemical reactions of iodomethane clusters to molecular iodine and of trifluoromethane clusters to molecular fluorine. The detected reaction yields are surprisingly high, even for the small cluster sizes investigated so far (n < 16).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Impact Chemistry

Christen

Even

1998

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…Metals ͑Au, Cu, Pt, Al,..͒, 6,9,34,38,40,46,48,53,54,57,58 ionic crystals, 6,55,56 silicon, 11,14,16,[23][24][25]31,[35][36][37]41,42,47 and graphite/ diamond 18,28,29,[42][43][44]50 are typical materials used as substrates, which are sometimes covered by rare gas matrices ͑Ar, Xe, Ne,..͒. 9,54,55 The chemical compositions of clusters cover an even wider range of systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, collisions between C 60 and a number of surfaces have been reported by several different groups. 1,19,27,31,38,42,44,50 The energy scale in these investigations covers a large range, from thermal energies to MeV, which corresponds to a velocity range from about 10 2 m/s to 10 3 km/s. The energy at which the experiments are performed determines the dominant phenomena during the impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a material of great technological importance, Si surfaces have been used frequently in the cluster-surface impact experiments. 11,14,16,[23][24][25]31,[35][36][37]41,42 However, there have been very few reports to date of theoretical investigations. 47 Many issues such as energy deposition, phase transformation, and sputtering dynamics remain to be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cluster-surface collisions: Characteristics of Xe55- and C20–Si[111] surface bombardment

Cheng

1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Collisional energy loss in cluster surface impact: Experimental, model, and simulation studies of some relevant factors Molecular dynamics ͑MD͒ simulations are performed to study the cluster-surface collision processes. Two types of clusters, Xe 55 and C 20 are used as case studies of materials with very different properties. In studies of Xe 55 -Si͓111͔ surface bombardment, two initial velocities, 5.0 and 10.0 km/s ͑normal to the surface͒ are chosen to investigate the dynamical consequences of the initial energy or velocity in the cluster-surface impact. A transition in the speed of kinetic energy propagation, from subsonic velocities to supersonic velocities, is observed. Energy transfer, from cluster translational motion to the substrate, occurs at an extremely fast rate that increases as the incident velocity increases. Local melting and amorphous layer formation in the surfaces are found via energetic analysis of individual silicon atoms. For C 20 , the initial velocity ranges from 10 to 100 km/s. The clusters are damaged immediately upon impact. Similar to Xe 55 , increase in the potential energy is larger than the increase in internal kinetic energy. However, the patterns of energy distribution are different for the two types of clusters. The energy transfer from the carbon clusters to Si͑111͒ surface is found to be slower than that found in the Xe clusters. Fragmentation of the carbon cluster occurs when the initial velocity is greater than 30 km/s. At 10 km/s, the clusters show recrystallization at later times. The average penetration depth displays a nonlinear dependence on the initial velocity. Disturbance in the surface caused by C 20 is discussed and compared to the damage caused by Xe 55 . Energetics, structures, and dynamics of these systems are fully analyzed and characterized.

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“…In the case of a stiff/soft molecule, a small/large amount of the energy is transferred to internal degrees of freedom and the outgoing kinetic energy is large/small. During the last two decades, a fair number of studies have been devoted to elastic properties, stability, fragmentation, and charge transfer during scattering of hyperthermal fullerenes from surfaces [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, for angles of incidence Φ in ≥ 10…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of target surface on the elastic properties of fast fullerenes

et al. 2011

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C + 60 fullerenes with keV energies are scattered at grazing angles of incidence from atomically clean and flat LiF(001), KCl(001), Al(001), Be(0001), Ni(110) surfaces as well as p(2×1) and p(3×1) oxygen superstructures on Ni(110). The elastic properties of C60 are derived from a comparison of experimental data with 3D molecular dynamics simulations for different interaction potentials. In terms of a simple model for the hybridization of C60 with the surface, we find evidence for a close relation between electronic structure of the surface and elasticity of C60.PACS numbers: 79.20. Rf, 34.35.+a, 79.60.Bm, 78.30.Na, 61.85.+p The elastic properties of carbon nanostructures play an important role for applications in composite materials, nanomechanical devices, or molecular electronics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In such configurations, carbon nanostructures will be embedded, supported, or in contact with a matrix of material, that will affect the properties of the carbon nanostructure. Prominent examples are strong covalent interactions of fullerenes with surfaces such as Si(100), Ni(110), or Pt(111) resulting in dissociation of fullerenes in thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) experiments or charge transfer processes inducing semiconductorconductor phase transitions [8][9][10]. By an appropriate choice of the surrounding material, these interactions might be exploited for an optimized performance of the building blocks of future carbon nanostructure devices or materials.From a fundamental point of view, it is important to provide experimental data on the properties of single carbon nanostructures in different environments. Here, we focus on the elastic properties of the prototype of a carbon nanostructure, C 60 [11], in front of single crystal surfaces for deformation energies up to some 10 eV. As the ultimate experimental tool, a single molecule vise with two opposing non-deformable surfaces, cannot be realized, we performed scattering experiments in the surface channeling regime, i.e. under grazing incidence, where the deformation of the surface is negligible due to the small energy transfer to the surface in small-angle scattering events [12,13]. The velocity of the molecules is still sufficiently slow in order to guarantee an adiabatic regime for the interaction with the surface [14]. Via the incident energy and the angle of incidence, the molecule can be exposed to well-defined deformation energies. The elastic properties of the molecules are studied by means of the kinetic energy of outgoing fullerenes. In the case of a stiff/soft molecule, a small/large amount of the energy is transferred to internal degrees of freedom and the outgoing kinetic energy is large/small. During the last two decades, a fair number of studies have been devoted to elastic properties, stability, fragmentation, and charge transfer during scattering of hyperthermal fullerenes from surfaces [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, for angles of incidence Φ in ≥ 10• with respect to the surface, the deformation of the surface was consi...

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The influence of the surface nature on scattering, fragmentation and deposition processes in C60+ collisions with solid surfaces

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Cluster Impact Chemistry

Cluster Impact Chemistry

Cluster-surface collisions: Characteristics of Xe55- and C20–Si[111] surface bombardment

Effect of target surface on the elastic properties of fast fullerenes

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