The Influence of the Shape of Dust Particles on the Rate of Phagocytosis IN VITRO

Lengerová, A; Lenger, V.; Esslova, M; Tuscany, R.; Volfová, M.

doi:10.1136/oem.14.1.43

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to size, it has been known for many years that target shape plays a crucial role during phagocytosis [134]. By examining a range of shapes (including spheres, oblate and prolate ellipsoids, elliptical and rectangular disks, and UFO-shaped particles comprising spheres embedded within oblate spheroids), Champion and Mitragotri argued that the outcome of a cell-target interaction is determined, not by the target size, but by the local target shape at the point of initial contact between cell and target [135].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How cells engulf: a review of theoretical approaches to phagocytosis

Richards¹,

Endres²

2017

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Phagocytosis is a fascinating process whereby a cell surrounds and engulfs particles such as bacteria and dead cells. This is crucial both for single-cell organisms (as a way of acquiring nutrients) and as part of the immune system (to destroy foreign invaders). This whole process is hugely complex and involves multiple coordinated events such as membrane remodelling, receptor motion, cytoskeleton reorganisation and intracellular signalling. Because of this, phagocytosis is an excellent system for theoretical study, benefiting from biophysical approaches combined with mathematical modelling. Here, we review these theoretical approaches and discuss the recent mathematical and computational models, including models based on receptors, models focusing on the forces involved, and models employing energetic considerations. Along the way, we highlight a beautiful connection to the physics of phase transitions, consider the role of stochasticity, and examine links between phagocytosis and other types of endocytosis. We cover the recently discovered multistage nature of phagocytosis, showing that the size of the phagocytic cup grows in distinct stages, with an initial slow stage followed by a much quicker second stage starting around half engulfment. We also address the issue of target shape dependence, which is relevant to both pathogen infection and drug delivery, covering both one-dimensional and two-dimensional results. Throughout, we pay particular attention to recent experimental techniques that continue to inform the theoretical studies and provide a means to test model predictions. Finally, we discuss population models, connections to other biological processes, and how physics and modelling will continue to play a key role in future work in this area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How cells engulf: a review of theoretical approaches to phagocytosis

Richards¹,

Endres²

2017

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…The process of phagocytosis is affected by the physical parameters of the particles being engulfed. These can be split into geometric aspects such as the size (Pratten and Lloyd 1986;Ikada 1988a, 1988b;Koval et al 1998), shape or aspect ratio of the particles (Lengerova et al 1957;Champion and Mitragotri 2006;Gratton et al 2008;Sharma et al 2010;Lu et al 2010;Champion and Mitragotri 2009), surface properties Ikada 1988a, 1988b;Faraasen et al 2003;Roser et al 1998;Gilberti et al 2008;Ahsan et al 2002) and mechanical aspects (Beningo and Wang 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-like THP-1 cells show effective uptake of silica nanoparticles carrying inactivated diphtheria toxoid for vaccination

2020

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Nanoparticles may be used in vaccinology as an antigen delivery and/or an immunostimulant to enhance immunity. Porous silica has been identified as an effective adjuvant for more than a decade, and we have therefore investigated the take up rate by an immortalized macrophage-like cell line of a number of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with differing diameter and pore size. The MSNPs were synthesized using a sol-gel reaction and post-synthesis removal of the template. The MSNPs showed a clear distribution in take up rate peaking at 217 nm, whereas a comparison with solid spherical nanoparticles showed a similar distribution peaking at 377 nm. The MSNPs were investigated before and after loading with antigen. Diphtheria toxoid was used as a proof-of-concept antigen and showed a peak macrophage internalization of 53.42% for loaded LP3 particles which had a diameter of 217.75 ± 5.44 nm and large 16.5 nm pores. Optimal MSNP sizes appeared to be in the 200-400 nm range, and larger pores showed better antigen loading. The mesoporous silica particles were shown to be generally biocompatible, and cell viability was not altered by the loading of particles with or without antigen.

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“…It is interesting to note that the optimum size for phagocytosis by macrophages corresponds to the size of a large number of bacteria (23). The effect of the target shape on phagocytosis was noted as early as 1957 (12), but systematic investigations at both singleparticle and ensemble levels have only recently emerged. Champion and Mitragotri (13) demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that the local shape of the target at the point of contact with the cell membrane determines whether phagocytosis will be initiated and the size of the target decides whether internalization will be completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the reported work into the role of target parameters in phagocytosis is limited because researchers use static, end-point outcomes of phagocytic assays and they measure the average uptake behavior of the cell population as a whole (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). These experiments, therefore, cannot provide information about the kinetics of the early phagocytic events, such as:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis Dynamics Depends on Target Shape

Paul

Achouri

Yoon

et al. 2013

Biophysical Journal

149

107

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A complete understanding of phagocytosis requires insight into both its biochemical and physical aspects. One of the ways to explore the physical mechanism of phagocytosis is to probe whether and how the target properties (e.g., size, shape, surface states, stiffness, etc.) affect their uptake. Here we report an imaging-based method to explore phagocytosis kinetics, which is compatible with real-time imaging and can be used to validate existing reports using fixed and stained cells. We measure single-event engulfment time from a large number of phagocytosis events to compare how size and shape of targets determine their engulfment. The data shows an increase in the average engulfment time for increased target size, for spherical particles. The uptake time data on nonspherical particles confirms that target shape plays a more dominant role than target size for phagocytosis: Ellipsoids with an eccentricity of 0.954 and much smaller surface areas than spheres were taken up five times more slowly than spherical targets.

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The Influence of the Shape of Dust Particles on the Rate of Phagocytosis IN VITRO

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

How cells engulf: a review of theoretical approaches to phagocytosis

How cells engulf: a review of theoretical approaches to phagocytosis

Macrophage-like THP-1 cells show effective uptake of silica nanoparticles carrying inactivated diphtheria toxoid for vaccination

Phagocytosis Dynamics Depends on Target Shape

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