Abstract:Numerous cultivation media currently exist, whether selective, non-selective, enrichment or identifi cation. However, they all have a common goal, which is the growth of microorganisms; the constitution and quality of the culture medium must favor it. For this reason, an important factor that directly affects the quality of a culture medium is its production. Thus, this article investigated the use of a microwave oven in the production of Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), and the microbial inactivation compared t… Show more
“…The result of this mapping is given in Figure 9: with a horizontal-axis of 0 to 30 kJ, and a vertical-axis of 0 to 10 kJ•m −1 . The comparison thermal data corresponds to the 39 L Sharp microwave oven S630D rated at 1050 ± 50 W CW [16], and the 28 L Electrolux microwave oven ME28S rated at 900 W CW [51]. The ≥4 log 10 inactivation microorganisms are Gram-negative vegetative E. coli, bacteriophage MS2 [16] and Candida spp.…”
Section: Energy Phase-space Projection and Electric Field Strength An...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ≥4 log 10 inactivation microorganisms are Gram-negative vegetative E. coli, bacteriophage MS2 [16] and Candida spp. agar plated Petri dish [51].…”
Section: Energy Phase-space Projection and Electric Field Strength An...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…American Journal of Analytical Chemistry ); Gram-negative vegetative E. coli 10.93 ml kitchen scrubbing pad (dotted-line) [16], 64 ml Gram-negative vegetative E. coli and bacteriophage MS2 sponge () [16], and 25 ml Candida spp. agar suspensions in Petri dish (star) [51].…”
Section: Energy Phase-space Projection and Electric Field Strength An...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estimated ε ′′ , σ and E rms for Candida. app [51]. Figure 10 shows the suspension temperature (horizontal-axis) plotted against ε ′′ (vertical-axis), where the 5 point trend-line equates to y = 0.461x + 8.799 with an R 2 = 0.9933.…”
Section: Electric Field Strength Estimation Within the Energy Phase-s...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 2022, Bazana et al [51] published a study on batch thermal microwave-assisted inactivation of Candida spp. in a 25 ml agar plated Petri dish.…”
Over the last few decades there has been active discussion concerning the mechanisms involved in "non-thermal" microwave-assisted inactivation of microorganisms. This work presents a novel non-invasive acoustic measurement of a domestic microwave oven cavity-magnetron operating at f o = 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz (λ o ~ 12.2 cm) that is modulated in the time-domain (0 to 2 minutes). The measurements reveal the cavity-magnetron cathode filament cold-start warm-up period and the pulse width modulation periods (time-on time-off and base-time period, where time-on minus base-time = duty cycle). The waveform information is used to reconstruct historical microwave "nonthermal" homogeneous microorganism inactivation experiments: where tapwater is used to mimic the microorganism suspension; and ice, crushed ice, and ice slurry mixture are used as the cooling media. The experiments are described using text, diagrams, and photographs. Four key experimental parameters are indentified that influence the suspension time-dependent temperature profile. First, where the selected process time > the time-base, the cavity-magnetron continuous wave rated power should be used for each second of microwave illumination. Second, external crushed ice and ice slurry baths induce different cooling profiles due to difference in their heat absorption rates. In addition external baths may shield the suspension resulting in a retarding of the time-dependent heating profile. Third, internal cooling systems dictate that the suspension is directly exposed to microwave illumination due to the absence of surrounding ice volume. Fourth, four separated water dummyloads isolate and control thermal heat transfer (conduction) to and from the suspension, thereby diverting a portion of the microwave power away from the suspension. Energy phase-space projections were used to compare the "non-thermal" energy densities of 0.03 to 0.1 kJ⋅m −1 at 800 W with reported thermal microwave-assisted microorganism inactivation energy densities of 0.
“…The result of this mapping is given in Figure 9: with a horizontal-axis of 0 to 30 kJ, and a vertical-axis of 0 to 10 kJ•m −1 . The comparison thermal data corresponds to the 39 L Sharp microwave oven S630D rated at 1050 ± 50 W CW [16], and the 28 L Electrolux microwave oven ME28S rated at 900 W CW [51]. The ≥4 log 10 inactivation microorganisms are Gram-negative vegetative E. coli, bacteriophage MS2 [16] and Candida spp.…”
Section: Energy Phase-space Projection and Electric Field Strength An...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ≥4 log 10 inactivation microorganisms are Gram-negative vegetative E. coli, bacteriophage MS2 [16] and Candida spp. agar plated Petri dish [51].…”
Section: Energy Phase-space Projection and Electric Field Strength An...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…American Journal of Analytical Chemistry ); Gram-negative vegetative E. coli 10.93 ml kitchen scrubbing pad (dotted-line) [16], 64 ml Gram-negative vegetative E. coli and bacteriophage MS2 sponge () [16], and 25 ml Candida spp. agar suspensions in Petri dish (star) [51].…”
Section: Energy Phase-space Projection and Electric Field Strength An...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estimated ε ′′ , σ and E rms for Candida. app [51]. Figure 10 shows the suspension temperature (horizontal-axis) plotted against ε ′′ (vertical-axis), where the 5 point trend-line equates to y = 0.461x + 8.799 with an R 2 = 0.9933.…”
Section: Electric Field Strength Estimation Within the Energy Phase-s...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 2022, Bazana et al [51] published a study on batch thermal microwave-assisted inactivation of Candida spp. in a 25 ml agar plated Petri dish.…”
Over the last few decades there has been active discussion concerning the mechanisms involved in "non-thermal" microwave-assisted inactivation of microorganisms. This work presents a novel non-invasive acoustic measurement of a domestic microwave oven cavity-magnetron operating at f o = 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz (λ o ~ 12.2 cm) that is modulated in the time-domain (0 to 2 minutes). The measurements reveal the cavity-magnetron cathode filament cold-start warm-up period and the pulse width modulation periods (time-on time-off and base-time period, where time-on minus base-time = duty cycle). The waveform information is used to reconstruct historical microwave "nonthermal" homogeneous microorganism inactivation experiments: where tapwater is used to mimic the microorganism suspension; and ice, crushed ice, and ice slurry mixture are used as the cooling media. The experiments are described using text, diagrams, and photographs. Four key experimental parameters are indentified that influence the suspension time-dependent temperature profile. First, where the selected process time > the time-base, the cavity-magnetron continuous wave rated power should be used for each second of microwave illumination. Second, external crushed ice and ice slurry baths induce different cooling profiles due to difference in their heat absorption rates. In addition external baths may shield the suspension resulting in a retarding of the time-dependent heating profile. Third, internal cooling systems dictate that the suspension is directly exposed to microwave illumination due to the absence of surrounding ice volume. Fourth, four separated water dummyloads isolate and control thermal heat transfer (conduction) to and from the suspension, thereby diverting a portion of the microwave power away from the suspension. Energy phase-space projections were used to compare the "non-thermal" energy densities of 0.03 to 0.1 kJ⋅m −1 at 800 W with reported thermal microwave-assisted microorganism inactivation energy densities of 0.
There is currently increased interest in the use of alternatives to autoclaved culture media, in order to maintain the properties of the media, while saving energy and time. In this study, we assess a new system for culture media preparation, using a conventional microwave with a water bath and a glass bottle with a rubber cap that allows depressurization. Sterilization, using the proposed system (1000 W, 3 to 20 min), was compared with autoclaving for the preparation of tryptone soy agar (TSA), tryptone soy broth (TSB), Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar (SDA), and violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG). Microwave exposure for 7 min yielded sterile TSA plates. The productivity of both sterilization methods was assessed using the pour plate method, and significant increases in the growth of certain micro-organisms after using a microwave were observed for every culture medium, especially those that were sterilized by boiling (VRBG). The kinetics of microbial destruction showed that Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis spores were destroyed after 3 and 7 min in a microwave, respectively, while three decimal reductions were obtained for Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores after 15 min in an autoclave. This new sterilization method could be a feasible, rapid, and economical method to prepare microbiological media, with a quality similar to that obtained through autoclaving.
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