The influence of the menstrual cycle on acute and persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Sarı, Sinem; Kozanhan, Betül; Egilmez, Ayse Ilksen; Soyder, Aykut; Aydın, Osman Nuri; Galimberti, Fabrizio; Sessler, Daniel I.; Turan, Alparslan

doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2017.11.001

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…However, although their PRO levels increased numerically, the increase was not statistically different. Sari et al 39 and Ahmed et al 15 have shown that PRO levels increased in the luteal phase, which is consistent with the results of this study. As the most important feature that distinguishes this study and the 2 studies mentioned previously from other studies, the follicular and luteal phases were addressed in all three studies and they were found to be associated with postoperative pain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Effects of Sex Hormones on Postoperative Pain in Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Koraş Sözen,

Bolat,

Güntürk

2024

Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy &Amp; Percutaneous Techniques

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Objective: There are many factors that affect postoperative pain. This study determines the effect of preoperative sex hormone levels on postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods: This study included a total of 89 patients who met the study inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on their sex and pre and postmenopausal periods: male patients (n = 28), postmenopausal female patients (n = 31), and female patients with normal cycles (n = 30). Normal-cycle women were also regrouped based on their follicular and luteal phases. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form, a patient follow-up form, and the Visual Analog Scale. Results: Venous blood samples taken from the patients before surgery were used to measure their levels of estradiol (EST), testosterone (TES), and progesterone levels. Male patients had lower pain levels than female patients. The male patients’ Visual Analog Scale scores were inversely related and correlated strongly with their TES levels (P < 0.05). However, subgroup analyses suggested that their EST level played a primary role in males and that the EST/TES ratio was determinant in the late postoperative period. In female patients, the EST/progesterone ratio was the most determining factor for the level of pain felt in the postmenopausal period, whereas there was no change in the premenopausal period at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions: Sex hormones were found to be effective in predicting postoperative pain severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Effects of Sex Hormones on Postoperative Pain in Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Koraş Sözen,

Bolat,

Güntürk

2024

Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy &Amp; Percutaneous Techniques

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“…Supporting our results, Islamoglu and their colleagues [29] investigated the effect of the menstrual cycle and menopause on extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)-related pain outcome and concluded that menstrual cycle phase has no effect on pain perception during the ESWL session. Also, in correspondence to our results, three studies [27,30,31] did not observe any differences in postoperative pain perception and analgesic requirements in females undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia irrespective of their menstrual cycles.…”

Section: Menstrual Cycle Phase In Relation To Pipsupporting

confidence: 91%

“The influence of female body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age on propofol injection pain”

Mostafa

Kamal

Mohamed

et al. 2021

Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia

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Background: Eliminating propofol injection pain (PIP) should be multimodal, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Understanding risk factors -body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age for example -leading to increased pain sensitivity will identify patients at most risk for PIP, permitting effective treatment strategies to be initiated at an early stage. Objective: Our goal is to determine occurrence and severity of propofol injection pain among female patients, whether they are obese or non-obese, during different menstrual cycle phases. Methods: Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: Single university teaching hospital's operating rooms. Patients: 84 female undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, between 18 and 65 years of age were enrolled. Interventions: We evaluated propofol injection pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) during induction of general anesthesia. Main outcome measure: The relation between propofol induced peripheral venous pain and female body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age. Results: 71.4% of patients experienced PIP. Of those patients who experienced PIP; 40.5% (34/ 84 patients) had moderate to severe pain. Age <35 years was the only independent predictor of moderate/severe PIP (sensitivity 62%, specificity 78%). After adjustment for age category, there was no statistically significant association between occurrence of moderate/severe PIP and obesity or menstruation. Conclusion:Propofol injection pain prophylactic measures should be considered in young females <35 years as they may be more prone to moderate/severe PIP.

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“…Gonadal hormones modulate pain intensity. Even the response to pain in women varies depending on age and menstrual cycle [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Postoperative Pain, Nausea and Vomiting After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

et al. 2020

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Background Although reports suggest that pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) may be more frequent in women, the evidence is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate whether women are more sensitive to pain and PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods A total of 370 women and 275 men were included in a retrospective cohort study. All underwent LC under standardized general anesthesia. The variables analyzed included clinical and anthropometric parameters. End points were the incidence of nausea, vomiting, pain, and the requirement for additional pain relievers and antiemetics to control these. Results The women were younger and had lower body weight than the men (p \ 0.001). Body mass index was within the normal range for 50% of women and 30% of men (p \ 0.001). Pain was more common in women at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery (p \ 0.02). Narcotics in addition to the doses used to lessen pain intensity (p = 0.01) were required in 60 women and 19 men (p \ 0.001). PONV was more frequent in women at 1 and 6 h after surgery (p \ 0.01). Rescue antiemetics were required in 35 women and 11 men (p = 0.008). Hospital stay was shorter for men (p \ 0.001). Four patients in each group developed postoperative complications (p = 0.14). There was no mortality. Conclusions Early postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after LC were more common in women, who more frequently required analgesic and antiemetic rescue medication.

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The influence of the menstrual cycle on acute and persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

The Effects of Sex Hormones on Postoperative Pain in Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The Effects of Sex Hormones on Postoperative Pain in Patients with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

“The influence of female body mass index, menstrual cycle phase and age on propofol injection pain”

Gender Differences in Postoperative Pain, Nausea and Vomiting After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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