The influence of the formation of Fe3C on graphitization in a carbon-rich iron-amorphous carbon mixture processed by Spark Plasma Sintering and annealing

Dudina, Dina V.; Ukhina, Arina V.; Bokhonov, Boris B.; Корчагин, М. А.; Булина, Н. В.; Kato, Hidemi

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.038

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The I D /I G ratio of the graphitized carbon obtained from the MIL‐53 sintered at 900 °C is 0.923. This result confirms that the carbon obtained by carbonizing MIL‐53 is highly graphitized . And for comparison we also sintered MIL‐53 at a lower temperature (500 °C) and the Raman spectra presenting typical amorphous carbon shape (Figure S3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This result confirms that the carbon obtained by carbonizing MIL-53 is highly graphitized. [27][28][29][30][31][32] And for comparison we also sintered MIL-53 at a lower temperature (500°C) and the Raman spectra presenting typical amorphous carbon shape ( Figure S3). The pore size distribution and specific surface area of MIL-53 and GCF were analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasmall Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitized Porous Carbon Derived from Fe‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Li Batteries

et al. 2019

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Iron‐based metal organic framework (MOF) MIL‐53 is used as a precursor and self‐template to synthesize a 3D porous carbon/FeF3 ⋅ 0.33 H2O composite in situ. We find that the organic ligands in iron‐containing MOFs can convert into highly graphitized carbon with the catalysis of central Fe atoms. The FeF3 ⋅ 0.33 H2O nanoparticles formed after fluorination and dehydration are surrounded by highly graphitized carbon. In the composite, the graphitized 3D porous carbon can provide passageways for electron transport and ultrasmall FeF3 ⋅ 0.33 H2O nanoparticles facilitate the diffusion of Li ions. The composite shows excellent performance for the Li storage. A capacity of 86 mAh g−1 can be reached at an ultra‐high rate of 20 C. Even after 300 charge−discharge cycles at 5 C, the capacity remains at 113 mAh g−1.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasmall Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitized Porous Carbon Derived from Fe‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Li Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…It is reported that the Fe 3 C plays a crucial role as intermediates in catalytic graphitization, 9 since a large quantity of metastable Fe 3 C would be resolved into free-C and metallic Fe as thermal treatment temperature rising above 800 C. 22 To be concrete, the mobility of precipitated Fe would make advancement of graphitization while free-C would make up for defects by entering the skeleton. 23 It is also important to note that the phase of Fe (JCPDS no. 88-2324) is detected for all heated samples, but the intensity of PAC-0 is slightly higher than the remaining three samples, which might be due to the loss of iron mobility and thus making irons stop involving in continuous catalysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of structure and electrical conductivity of activated carbon by catalytic graphitization using N₂plasma pretreatment and iron(iii) loading

et al. 2017

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“…This approach was suggested by Bokhonov et al and initially used to produce porous graphitic materials from amorphous carbon by SPS using nickel as a space holder and a graphitization catalyst [75]. Later, this approach was also tested for iron [77] and cobalt [78] space holders. The mixtures were first subjected to mixing or high-energy ball milling and then consolidated by SPS under a pressure of 40 MPa.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Porous Materials By Sps Using Space Holdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Porous Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering: A Review

2019

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS), a sintering method that uses the action of pulsed direct current and pressure, has received a lot of attention due to its capability of exerting control over the microstructure of the sintered material and flexibility in terms of the heating rate and heating mode. Historically, SPS was developed in search of ways to preserve a fine-grained structure of the sintered material while eliminating porosity and reaching a high relative density. These goals have, therefore, been pursued in the majority of studies on the behavior of materials during SPS. Recently, the potential of SPS for the fabrication of porous materials has been recognized. This article is the first review to focus on the achievements in this area. The major approaches to the formation of porous materials by SPS are described: partial densification of powders (under low pressures, in pressureless sintering processes or at low temperatures), sintering of hollow particles/spheres, sintering of porous particles, and sintering with removable space holders or pore formers. In the case of conductive materials processed by SPS using the first approach, the formation of inter-particle contacts may be associated with local melting and non-conventional mechanisms of mass transfer. Studies of the morphology and microstructure of the inter-particle contacts as well as modeling of the processes occurring at the inter-particle contacts help gain insights into the physics of the initial stage of SPS. For pre-consolidated specimens, an SPS device can be used as a furnace to heat the materials at a high rate, which can also be beneficial for controlling the formation of porous structures. In sintering with space holders, SPS processing allows controlling the structure of the pore walls. In this article, using the literature data and our own research results, we have discussed the formation and structure of porous metals, intermetallics, ceramics, and carbon materials obtained by SPS.

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The influence of the formation of Fe3C on graphitization in a carbon-rich iron-amorphous carbon mixture processed by Spark Plasma Sintering and annealing

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Ultrasmall Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitized Porous Carbon Derived from Fe‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Li Batteries

Ultrasmall Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitized Porous Carbon Derived from Fe‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Li Batteries

Improvement of structure and electrical conductivity of activated carbon by catalytic graphitization using N₂plasma pretreatment and iron(iii) loading

Fabrication of Porous Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering: A Review

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The influence of the formation of Fe3C on graphitization in a carbon-rich iron-amorphous carbon mixture processed by Spark Plasma Sintering and annealing

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Ultrasmall Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitized Porous Carbon Derived from Fe‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Li Batteries

Ultrasmall Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitized Porous Carbon Derived from Fe‐Based Metal Organic Frameworks as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Li Batteries

Improvement of structure and electrical conductivity of activated carbon by catalytic graphitization using N2plasma pretreatment and iron(iii) loading

Fabrication of Porous Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering: A Review

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Improvement of structure and electrical conductivity of activated carbon by catalytic graphitization using N₂plasma pretreatment and iron(iii) loading