The influence of the ev 3 locus on the inducibility of serum antibody reactivity for envelope glycoprotein group-specific determinants

Halpern, Melissa D.; Ewert, Donald L.; Flores, Lloyd J.; Crittenden, L. B.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(83)90278-7

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…An alterna-tive approach for blocking congenital transmission of EV21 would be to introduce ev genes such as ev3, ev6, or ev9 in SF dams. However, while blocking EV infection, expression of ALV glycoproteins may also induce tolerance to pathogenic ALV Halpern et al, 1983;Crittenden et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Endogenous Virus Loci ev 6 and ev 21.

1990

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The effects of ev6, ev21, sex, and hatch, were studied with respect to avian leukosis virus (ALV) viremia, cloacal shedding, and antibody response among RPL-40 virus-infected White Leghorns that carried ev6 and ev21 in all combinations. Among the four possible ev genotypes, chickens that carried only ev21 were the most immunologically tolerant to RPL-40 infection. Incidence of RPL-40 viremia was lowest among hatchmates that lacked both ev genes. Analysis of variance indicated significant interactions between ev6 and ev21 with respect to all responses. Among ev21+ slow-feathering (SF) chickens, the incidence of viremia and shedding of RPL-40 was reduced in the presence of ev6 when compared with ev6- hatchmates. Conversely, among ev21- rapid-feathering (RF) chickens, ev6 significantly enhanced the incidence of RPL-40 viremia when compared with ev6- hatchmates. The endogenous virus, ev6, markedly reduced recovery of the endogenous virus (EV21) from plasmas of slow-feathering chickens. When both flocks were terminated at 21 wk of age, significantly more ev21+ SF females had died from or developed RPL-40-induced tumors than ev21- hatchmates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Endogenous Virus Loci ev 6 and ev 21.

1990

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“…Such a bimodal response to infection has been observed previously in experimental lines which were deliberately infected with ALV (Halpern et al, 1983;Crittenden et al, 1987;Smith and Fadly, 1988). It indicates that birds which are able to mount a strong immune response can suppress virus production, while those mounting a weak immune response continue to produce virus for a prolonged period of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…A class of such genes are endogenous viral genes. In particular, it has been shown that domestic fowls which carry ev2 and evS (Crittenden et al, 1982;Halpern et al, 1983;Crittenden et al, 1984), ev2\ (Smith and Fadly, 1988) or ev6 (Smith et al, 1991) are immunologically tolerant to infection by exogenous avian leukosis virus. Because these ra-genes express endogenous viral protein or complete endogenous virus (Smith, 1987), it has been proposed that the induction of immunological tolerance is attributable to common epitopes between endogenous and exogenous virus (Crittenden et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergism between the endogenous viral lociev6andev9 in inducing immunological tolerance to avian leukosis virus

Kühnlein

Fairfull²,

Gowe³

et al. 1993

British Poultry Science

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1. The course of infection by exogenous avian leukosis virus was followed in a commercial strain of White Leghorn domestic fowls by measuring viral antigen in feather pulp and egg albumin. Ten days after hatching, 2 out of 360 birds tested positive and at 286 days of age about 60% of the birds had been antigen positive at least once. 2. Among the antigen positive birds, two groups could be distinguished: those which permanently and those which transiently expressed viral antigen. Permanent antigen expression was associated with low antibody titres, while transient antigen expression was associated with high antibody titres. 3. The strain segregated for the two endogenous viral genes ev6 and ev9, both of which express endogenous viral envelope protein, and have been implicated in affecting immune-responsiveness. The antibody titre in individuals positive for both ev6 and ev9, was significantly lower than in those which had none or only one of the two ev-genes. In addition, individuals positive for both ev-genes occurred more frequently in the group permanently positive for viral antigen than in the group transiently antigen positive. 4. The results indicate that there was a strong synergism between ev6 and ev9 in reducing the antibody response to exogenous avian leukosis virus infection, perhaps by inducing immune tolerance or interfering with antibody formation.

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“…These endogenous ALVs may influence the immunological reactivity to exogenous ALVs (Halpern et al, 1983), and new viral variants may occur by recombination between endogenous and exogenous (Vogt & Friis, 1971), which might in turn influence the persistence of inoculated virus in the host. Therefore, we employed another avian host for the study of ALV persistence: ducks of the semiinbred line Khaki-Campbell, because it is known that endogenous ALVs or ALV-related sequences are not present in the duck genome (Frisby etal., 1979;Chambers et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%