The Influence of the Endocrine Glands on Fatty Acid and Ketone Body Metabolism

Engel, Frank L.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1957.00260070032003

Cited by 80 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Support for the latter concept might be obtained by a study of blood nonesterified fatty acid levels after hypoglycemia, but such data are not recorded in the current literature. The basic biochemical events leading to ketosis in the posthypoglycemic state and their endocrine control have recently been reviewed in detail by one of us (17). The present study throws no light on the endocrine mechanisms involved in the ketonemia consequent to insulin hypoglycemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Studies on Ketone Metabolism in Man. II. The Effect of Glucose, Insulin, Cortisone and Hypoglycemia on Splanchnic Ketone Production1

McPherson¹,

Werk²,

Myers³

et al. 1958

J. Clin. Invest.

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We have previously described a technique which utilizes hepatic venous catheterization for the estimation of net splanchnic ketone body production (NSKP) in man (1). In a series of subjects without metabolic abnormality, a small but significant endogenous NSKP was detected in the postabsorptive state, and upon the intravenous administration of a ketone body precursor, sodium octanoate, the NSKP was increased fivefold. The present report concerns the application of this technique to the study of the effects of glucose, insulin, cortisone and hypoglycemia on ketone body production in man. METHODSTwenty-seven mildly ill male hospital patients between the ages of 23 and 58 years, without metabolic abnormality, were used as subjects and studied after a 12 to 14 hour fast. The criteria of selection and management of subjects, technique of hepatic venous catheterization, methods of chemical analysis, and calculations are identical to those previously reported (1). The 16 normal males in the study will serve as the control series, designated "1955 series," for the present experiments.The subjects of the present experiments were divided into four groups and studied in a manner similar to the "1955 series" except for the specific metabolic alterations noted below for each group under "Results." The general plan of study for all groups was as follows: After mild phenobarbital sedation, inlying femoral arterial and forearm venous needles and the hepatic venous catheter were inserted. An intravenous infusion of bromsulphalein was started and maintained throughout the period of study. A control study was made on each subject during which femoral arterial and hepatic venous bloods were each sampled four times at five minute intervals for the subsequent determination of bromsulphalein, glucose and total ketone concentrations. A 500 ml. infusion of a 1.5 per cent solution of sodium octanoate was then administered intravenously at a constant rate over a one hour period, during which time blood sampling was repeated four times at 15 minute intervals. Blood sampling for oxygen content and saturation was interspersed at appropriate intervals during each period. The estimated hepatic blood flow (EHBF) was determined by the technique of Bradley, Ingelfinger, Bradley and Curry (2). The net splanchnic glucose production (NSGP) and net splanchnic ketone production (NSKP) are the products of the hepatic blood flow and the hepatic venous-arterial blood glucose and ketone differences, respectively. The net splanchnic oxygen consumption (SPO.) was calculated by multiplying the arterial-hepatic venous blood oxygen differences by the EHBF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Studies on Ketone Metabolism in Man. II. The Effect of Glucose, Insulin, Cortisone and Hypoglycemia on Splanchnic Ketone Production1

McPherson¹,

Werk²,

Myers³

et al. 1958

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms in ketosis have been reviewed in several recent publications (1,(19)(20)(21) and will not be discussed in detail here. Neither the adrenal cortex nor the pituitary gland is essential for the rise in plasma free fatty acids (22) or for the development of ketosis during fasting (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Endocrine Glands in Ketosis. Ii. Ketonemia Following Insulin Hypoglycemia*

Amatruda¹,

Chase²,

Engel³

1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…By P. A. MAYES Department of Physiology, Royal Veterinary College, London, N. W. 1 Gammeltoft (1949) reported that the ketonaemia of the starving rat rises and remains elevated until death. However, other work (Mayes, 1953;Engel, 1957) has shown that ketonaemia rises to a maximum after 48 hr and then subsides to almost normal levels after 6-7 days. This work has now been confirmed and extended to include the concurrent quantitative changes that occur in the liver glycogen, liver fat, blood sugar, abdominal depot fat and urinary nitrogen.…”

Section: Pmentioning

confidence: 90%

Proceedings of the Physiological Society

1960

The Journal of Physiology

214

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The Influence of the Endocrine Glands on Fatty Acid and Ketone Body Metabolism

Cited by 80 publications

References 46 publications

Studies on Ketone Metabolism in Man. II. The Effect of Glucose, Insulin, Cortisone and Hypoglycemia on Splanchnic Ketone Production1

Studies on Ketone Metabolism in Man. II. The Effect of Glucose, Insulin, Cortisone and Hypoglycemia on Splanchnic Ketone Production1

The Role of the Endocrine Glands in Ketosis. Ii. Ketonemia Following Insulin Hypoglycemia*

Proceedings of the Physiological Society

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