The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: an empirical analysis for Spain

Urbanos-Garrido, Rosa M.; López-Valcarcel, Beatríz González

doi:10.1007/s10198-014-0563-y

Cited by 155 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The results show that during the Great Recession increases in the unemployment rate are associated with an increase in the total number of denials (and with an increase in the denial rate). Although there has not been any formal policy change in DI, this evidence suggests that the procyclical behavior of the inflow rate to DI observed during the Great Recession in Spain is partially explained by an increase in screening stringency as the probability of applying to the system has not increased and the health of the population has worsened (as shown by, for example, Urbanos-Garrido and Lopez-Valcarcel 2015). This is consistent with the strong pressures to reduce public spending in Spain as a result of the economic crisis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Great Recession and disability insurance in Spain

2018

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In this paper, we exploit the strong incidence of the Great Recession in Spain to estimate the effect of economic conditions on participation in Disability Insurance (DI).Using individual panel data, we show that increases in the local unemployment rate are associated with a reduction in the individual probability to enter the DI program during the Great Recession in Spain. Using aggregate data on applications, we show that this procyclical behavior of DI awards comes from an increase in the proportion of applications that are denied. Thus, contrary to the previous literature that has extensively reported a countercyclical behavior of DI participation, our results provide new evidence that, in periods of extremely recessionary conditions, DI participation may turn procyclical.JEL classification: H55; I10; J14

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Great Recession and disability insurance in Spain

2018

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Section: Unemployment and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lynge (1997) state that unemployed men show a 40-70% greater risk of lung cancer, which cannot be justifi ed simply by more frequent smoking but has other causes as well. Wilkins et al (2008) confi rmed higher mortality in population groups with a lower social status, including the unemployed.The effect of unemployment on young people in Australia aged 15-24 was examined by Morrell et al (1998), who concluded that young unemployed people, compared to those employed, showed a signifi cant effect of use of marijuana, tobacco and alcoholic products. They also confi rmed a strong connection between unemployment and suicides among young 26 2018, XXI, 1 Ekonomie people.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of mass layoffs on health insurance expenditures: the case of the Ostrava region

Louda¹,

Vojáček²,

Pechholdová³

et al. 2018

E+M

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Economics(see Šrám & Dostál, 2012) in a situation where the life expectancy for both men and women in the Moravian-Silesian Region is already below the nation-wide average (73.81 years for men and 79.99 for women in the Region in 2013, compared to the national average of 75. 91 and 80.80, respectively).The objective of the paper is to analyse the health status and health insurance expenditures for employees concerned by the AMO mass layoffs. The paper tests the hypothesis that closing down a large heavy industry facility increases the risk of morbidity among the laid-off population and leads to an increase in healthcare expenditures. Quantifi cation of this hypothesis is based on a data set provided by Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna, a.s. (the primary insurance company of AMO Group employees). The relationship between unemployment and health, including morbidity by cause, is estimated using relative risk indicators. Unemployment and HealthSystematic attention is paid to the direction of the causal relation between unemployment and health and its mechanisms. Although the majority of research supports the conclusion that unemployment causes worsening of health (e.g., Gordo, 2006;Kuhn et al., 2009), opposite views also exist. Salm (2009) monitored health of individuals for a period of four years after a job loss and found no statistically signifi cant causal effect of unemployment on population health, although he did fi nd worsened health among the unemployed. Salm (2009, p. 22) states that "many people with health problems voluntarily terminate their employment with respect to their health and prefer to be unemployed". Although the latter perspective is relatively rare in international literature, it indicates the necessity to control the effect of subjective factors on the job loss of specifi c individuals. One of the approaches to controlling such factors (and the related reverse causality) is to restrict the research only on cases where an entire plant or facility has been closed down. The plant-closure approach eliminates subjective factors on the job loss of specifi c individuals: all the employees without exception lose their jobs when a plant is closed down (see section 2.1). Results of this type of analysis have been published by Schröder (2013), Kuhn et al. (2009), Schmitz (2011), or Browning and Heinesen (2012.Even the threat of losing a job is in itself a health risk, in virtually the same extent as unemployment (Kim & Knesebeck, 2015). In terms of length of unemployment, Gordo (2006) found a signifi cant negative effect of short-term unemployment only on men, and on both sexes for long-term unemployment. Moreover, Kuhn et al. (2009) state that in the short term, only the increase in mental diseases is statistically signifi cant; an increase in somatic diseases can only be proven in longer periods of unemployment.Particularly in the USA, a job loss is frequently immediately linked to a loss of health insurance and reduced or factually unavailable sophisticated healthcare (e.g., Baicker et al...

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“…This sequence of events is having far-reaching consequences for the wellbeing of Spaniards as evidenced, for instance, by the rising incidence of various mental health disorders, especially among citizens experiencing household unemployment and mortgage payment difficulties (Gili et al, 2013;Urbanos-Garrido and Lopez-Valcarcel, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy poverty, crisis and austerity in Spain

Tirado¹,

Meneses²

2016

PPP

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Despite clear indications about its significance, a systematic examination of the connection between the European debt crisis and domestic energy affordability trends is still missing in the academic and policy literature. This paper seeks to provide an empirically-grounded investigation of crisis and austerity as macro-scale driving factors of energy poverty, taking Spain as a case study. For this, a range of data and indicators are presented for the period 2004-2012. They provide evidence of the increase in domestic energy deprivation levels in Spain since 2008 that occurred in parallel with a rapid surge in unemployment rates and domestic energy prices, especially of electricity. Collected evidence also indicates substantial differences in energy poverty levels across Spanish regions (Autonomous Communities) linked to disparities in climatic and socio-economic conditions, including unemployment. Resulting energy poverty levels are understood as a consequence of structural and short-term factors operating along pre-existing socio-spatial cleavages exacerbated by the crisis.

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The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: an empirical analysis for Spain

Cited by 155 publications

References 42 publications

Great Recession and disability insurance in Spain

Great Recession and disability insurance in Spain

Effect of mass layoffs on health insurance expenditures: the case of the Ostrava region

Energy poverty, crisis and austerity in Spain

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