The influence of the degree of neutralization, the ionic moiety, and the counterion on water-dispersible polyurethanes

Abstract

A number of polyurethane anionomers based on isophorone diisocyanate, polytetrahydrofuran, and cyclohexane dimethanol were prepared as aqueous dispersions. The dispersions were stabilized by the use of an internal emulsifier. The principal ionic moiety used was dimethylol propanoic acid, but dimethylol butanoic acid and an experimental suphonate diol sodium salt were also used. The consequence of the neutralization step, the degree of neutralization, the type of ionic component, and the type of counterion were investigated for their effect on the mechanical and colloidal properties of the polyurethanes. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensiometry, solvent spot testing, and swelling studies were used for the characterization of the materials.

Physical and thermal properties of UV curable waterborne polyurethane dispersions incorporating hyperbranched aliphatic polyester of varying generation number

“…Both the degree of neutralization and content of ionic component contribute significantly to the properties of ionomers [14]. Hourston et al reported the influence of degree of neutralization and ionic moiety on the properties of waterborne dispersions [15]. In this respect, waterbased UV curable systems appear as a promising supplement by eliminating the use of acrylate monomers, and water being used as the only diluent.…”

Polyurethane/aromatic polyamide sulfone copolymer dispersions from transesterified castor oil

“…This may be related to the particle size of the dispersions; whereas, the smaller the particles in the dispersion, the larger will be their number. This leads to a decrease in the particleparticle distance that causes a significant increase in the hydrodynamic interactions between the particles [58]. Additionally, each particle in the dispersion is adsorbed with a thin layer of water due to the presence of hydrophilic -COO -HN ?…”

Automated parallel polyurethane dispersion synthesis and characterization

“…[1][2][3] Research in the area of PUDs has already spanned many decades, and the uses of PUDs are numerous. [3][4][5][6] Due to the high-performance characteristics of polyurethanes, extensive research efforts continue to be carried out in order to expand knowledge of their structure-property relationships. [6][7][8][9][10] Waterborne PUDs are an important class of polymer dispersion that can be used in many applications such as coatings for wood finishing, glass fiber sizing, adhesives, automotive topcoats, and other applications.…”

“…The constant need for reductions in both volatile organic compound emissions and production costs has stimulated extensive research activity on the development of waterbased polymer systems, particularly for coating and adhesive formulations. 5,7,8 The development of waterborne coatings was initially driven by ease of use, cost pressures, fire-hazard reduction, and solvent handling problems, but is now driven by environmental pressures as well. 5,7,8 Some important issues in waterborne coatings systems lie in developing truly solvent-free systems, eliminating water-sensitivity inherent in waterborne systems, and reducing foaming and corrosion in application.…”