The Influence of the Carbon Black Morphology on the Interphase Layer Content in Filled Elastomers

Abstract

The strong interaction between rubber and filler leads to the formation of an interphase region at the boundary. Its properties differ from the properties of the remaining matrix, and it has a considerable influence on the properties of the elastomeric composite. The dependence of the volume fraction of interphase polymer layer φδ on the volume fraction of filler φf for particles of different shape and structure was calculated. The values of φδ for the individual particles and linear aggregates are higher than for aggregates of ellipsoidal structure. All dependences pass through a maximum at different φf: for individual particles and linear aggregates roughly at φf = 0.1, for aggregates of ellipsoidal structure at φf = 0.3. The results were compared with data on the adsorption of dibutyl phthalate by different grades of carbon black (CB) having an identical specific surface (N326, N330, N351, N358). The more CB aggregates accessible to elastomer molecules there are, the higher is φδ. Thus, CBs of chain structure have, at all φf, higher φδ values than CBs with aggregates of ellipsoidal structure. The obtained results open up the possibility of predicting the optimum content of ingredients in the elastomeric composites.

Effect of Carbon Black Nanofiller on Adhesion Properties of SBS Rubber Surfaces Treated by Low-Pressure Plasma

“…The islands begin to become larger by clustering, and consequently, the surface area of the bound rubber surrounding the islands begins to decrease (see: the bar chart in Figure 2). Thus, the dependence of the surface area occupied by the bound rubber on the volume fraction of CB passes through the maximum [28].…”

“…The islands begin to become larger by clustering, and consequently, the surface area of the bound rubber surrounding the islands begins to decrease (see: the bar chart in Figure 2). Thus, the dependence of the surface area occupied by the bound rubber on the volume fraction of CB passes through the maximum [28]. Looking for an analogy between the maximum that occurs in the surface area occupied by the bound rubber and the maximum in the peel strength for the increasing content of CB, it should be assumed that the structure of the bound rubber is much more susceptible to the formation of The clustering process that underlies the observed dependence of the peel strength of the adhesive joint on the CB content ( Figure 1) is illustrated by electron microscopy studies.…”

“…The bound rubber is a volume of the polymer fraction directly adjacent to the interface, having a molecular structure that differs from that in the pure polymer-an interphase layer with a thickness lying in the range of 2−80 nm is formed. The total volume of this fraction depends on the concentration, shape, and size of the filler nanoparticles, and also their primary aggregation and clustering [26][27][28][29].…”

Principles of the parametric definition of rubbers with allowance for their functional possibilities*

“…Such studies have been published in great quantity. It seems to us that the most adequate model and theory of reinforcement have been proposed by the present authors [23][24][25][26]. Without going into details, we will note that this model makes it possible consistently to predict and explain all manifestations of the phenomenon of reinforcement that have been set out above.…”