The influence of the anode overhang effect on the capacity of lithium-ion cells – a 0D-modeling approach

Fath, Johannes Philipp; Alsheimer, Lennart; Storch, Mathias; Stadler, Jochen; Bandlow, Jochen; Hahn, Severin; Riedel, Ralf; Wetzel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101344

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both cells contain 146 negative and 144 positive electrode sheets (counting both stacks). There is a clear anode overhang, [ 30 ] the anode having a larger area than the cathode by 4.9% (Sinopoly) and 5.7% (Calb).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical and Structural Characterization of Large‐Format Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Used in Home‐Storage Systems

et al. 2021

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This article presents a comparative experimental study of the electrical, structural, and chemical properties of large‐format, 180 Ah prismatic lithium iron phosphate (LFP)/graphite lithium‐ion battery cells from two different manufacturers. These cells are particularly used in the field of stationary energy storage such as home‐storage systems. The investigations include 1) cell‐to‐cell performance assessment, for which a total of 28 cells are tested from each manufacturer; 2) electrical charge/discharge characteristics at different currents and ambient temperatures; 3) internal cell geometries, components, and weight analysis after cell opening; 4) microstructural analysis of the electrodes via light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; 5) chemical analysis of the electrode materials using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy; and 6) mathematical analysis of the electrode balances. The combined results give a detailed and comparative insight into the cell characteristics, providing the essential information needed for system integration. The study also provides complete and self‐consistent parameter sets for the use in cell models needed for performance prediction or state diagnosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant part (1/3–1/4) of the graphite capacity is therefore unused. Furthermore, the two cell types show an anode overhang [ 30 ] of 4.9% and 5.7%, respectively. Both, reduced cycling stoichiometry and anode overhang, are known strategies to reduce plating propensity and therefore increase cell lifetime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and Structural Characterization of Large‐Format Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Used in Home‐Storage Systems

et al. 2021

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“…According to Lewerenz et al [37][38][39] and Fath et al [40], the anode overhang considerably influences the behavior of the cells during calendar aging. This is due to the fact that the anode has a geometrically larger size than the cathode.…”

Section: Capacity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calendar Aging of Li-Ion Cells—Experimental Investigation and Empirical Correlation

2021

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The lifetime of the battery significantly influences the acceptance of electric vehicles. Calendar aging contributes to the limited operating lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, its consideration in addition to cyclical aging is essential to understand battery degradation. This study consequently examines the same graphite/NCA pouch cell that was the subject of previously published cyclic aging tests. The cells were aged at different temperatures and states of charge. The self-discharge was continuously monitored, and after each storage period, the remaining capacity and the impedance were measured. The focus of this publication is on the correlation of the measurements. An aging correlation is obtained that is valid for a wide range of temperatures and states of charge. The results show an accelerated capacity fade and impedance rise with increasing temperature, following the law of Arrhenius. However, the obtained data do also indicate that there is no path dependency, i.e., earlier periods at different temperature levels do not affect the present degradation rate. A large impact of the storage state of charge at 100% is evident, whereas the influence is small below 80%. Instead of the commonly applied square root of the time function, our results are in excellent agreement with an exponential function.

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“…[38] As known from LIBs, the cell design can also play a crucial role, for example apparently inconspicuous aspects like a larger geometric area of the anode (relative to the cathode). [39][40][41][42] The resulting "overhang" area is advantageous for electrode stacking (alignment) and cell processing, but, at least for LIB cells, disadvantageous for the capacity during charge-discharge cycling, thus has a significant impact on operation performance. [43] Similar to LIBs, proper alignment of electrodes is beneficial also for LMBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reproduce the performance of LMBs for given materials, several conditions and performance‐influencing factors need to be highlighted and reported (e. g., temperature, voltage range, specific current, SPE thickness) [38] . As known from LIBs, the cell design can also play a crucial role, for example apparently inconspicuous aspects like a larger geometric area of the anode (relative to the cathode) [39–42] . The resulting “overhang” area is advantageous for electrode stacking (alignment) and cell processing, but, at least for LIB cells, disadvantageous for the capacity during charge–discharge cycling, thus has a significant impact on operation performance [43] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area Oversizing of Lithium Metal Electrodes in Solid‐State Batteries: Relevance for Overvoltage and thus Performance?

et al. 2021

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Systematic and systemic research and development of solid electrolytes for lithium batteries requires a reliable and reproducible benchmark cell system. Therefore, factors relevant for performance, such as temperature, voltage operation range, or specific current, should be defined and reported. However, performance can also be sensitive to apparently inconspicuous and overlooked factors, such as area oversizing of the lithium electrode and the solid electrolyte membrane (relative to the cathode area). In this study, area oversizing is found to diminish polarization and improves the performance in LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC622) j j Li cells, with a more pronounced effect under kinetically harsh conditions (e. g., low temperature and/or high current density). For validity reasons, the polarization behavior is also investigated in Li j j Li symmetric cells. Given the mathematical conformity of the characteristic overvoltage behavior with the Sand's equation, the beneficial effect is attributed to lower depletion of Li ions at the electrode/ electrolyte interface. In this regard, the highest possible effect of area oversizing on the performance is discussed, that is when the accompanied decrease in current density and overvoltage overcomes the Sand's threshold limit. This scenario entirely prevents the capacity decay attributable to Li + depletion and is in line with the mathematically predicted values.

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The influence of the anode overhang effect on the capacity of lithium-ion cells – a 0D-modeling approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Electrical and Structural Characterization of Large‐Format Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Used in Home‐Storage Systems

Electrical and Structural Characterization of Large‐Format Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells Used in Home‐Storage Systems

Calendar Aging of Li-Ion Cells—Experimental Investigation and Empirical Correlation

Area Oversizing of Lithium Metal Electrodes in Solid‐State Batteries: Relevance for Overvoltage and thus Performance?

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