The influence of task and angle on torque production and muscle activity at the elbow

Bechtel, Roy; Caldwell, Graham E.

doi:10.1016/1050-6411(94)90007-8

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The muscle also displayed similar joint angle effects for a neutral forearm at various elbow angles, as observed by Bechtel and Caldwell [19] for elbow flexion torques only. As detailed by Pigeon et al [31] and Ettema et al [18], the contribution of BB to supination torques decreases with extension of the elbow for all forearm angles.…”

Section: Bbsupporting

confidence: 64%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Upper-limb surface electro-myography at maximum supination and pronation torques: the effect of elbow and forearm angle

O’Sullivan

Gallwey

2002

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forearm pronation and supination, and increased muscular activity in the wrist extensors have been both linked separately to work-related injuries of the upper limb, especially humeral epicondylitis. However, there is a lack of information on forearm torque strength at ranges of elbow and forearm angles typical of industrial tasks. There is a need for strength data on forearm torques at different upper limb angles need to be investigated. Such study should also include the measurement of muscular activity for the prime torque muscles and also other muscles at possible risk of injury due to high exertion levels during tasks requiring forearm torques.Twenty-four male subjects participated in the study that involved maximum forearm torque exertions for the right arm, in the pronation and supination directions, and at four elbow and three forearm rotation angles. Surface EMG (SEMG) was used to evaluate the muscular activity of the pronator teres (PT), pronator quadratus (PQ), biceps brachi (BB), brachioradialis (BR), mid deltoid (DT) and the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) during maximum torque exertions. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that both direction and forearm angle had a significant effect on the maximum torques (p<0.05) while elbow angle and the interactions were highly significant (p<0.001). The results revealed that supination torques were stronger overall with a mean maximum value of 16.2 Nm recorded for the forearm 75% prone. Mean maximum pronation torque was recorded as 13.1 Nm for a neutral forearm with the elbow flexed 45 0 . The data also indicated that forearm angle had a greater effect on supination torque than pronation torque. Supination torques were stronger for the mid range of elbow flexion, but pronation torques increased with increasing elbow extension. The strength profiles for the maximum torque exertions were reflected in the EMG changes in the prime supinators and pronators. In addition, the EMG data expressed as the percentage of MaximumVoluntary Electrical activity (MVE), revealed high muscular activity in the ECRB for both 3 supination (26-43% MVE) and pronation torques (17-55% MVE). The results suggest that the ECRB acts as a stabiliser to the forearm flexors for gripping during pronation torques depending on forearm angle, but acts as a prime mover in wrist extension for supination torques with little effect of elbow and forearm angle. This indicates a direct link between forearm rotations against resistance and high muscular activity in the wrist extensors, thereby increasing stress on the forearm musculo-skeletal system, especially the lateral epicondyle.4

show abstract

Section: Bbsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Similarly few studies have investigated the effect of elbow angle on torque strength. Bechtel and Caldwell [19] The second issue of concern is the lack of information on muscle activity for forearm torques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper-limb surface electro-myography at maximum supination and pronation torques: the effect of elbow and forearm angle

O’Sullivan

Gallwey

2002

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1986, 1989van Zuylen et al, 1988;Caldwell and van Leemputte, 1991;Hebert et al, 1991;de Serres et al, 1992;Caldwell, 1993, 1994;Bechtel and Caldwell, 1994), however, also do not show explicit muscle activation patterns. Experimental results show:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Load sharing during elbow/flexion is (of course) influenced by the presence or absence of (external) pro-or supination moment and vice versa (Buchanan et al, 1989;Hebert et al, 1991;de Serres et al, 1992;Caldwell, 1993, 1994;Bechtel and Caldwell, 1994) and also by elbow angle (van Zuylen et al, 1988;de Serres et al, 1992), 2. Muscle activation patterns seem to be task dependent as well as subject specific (Buchanan et al, 1989;Bechtel and Caldwell, 1994;Buchanan and Lloyd, 1995), 3. Muscles sometimes show 'seemingly inappropriate muscle actions' (Buchanan et al, 1989), presumably meant to compensate for unwanted additional muscle moments of other muscles (van Zuylen et al, 1988;Buchanan et al, 1989;Jamison and Caldwell, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of elbow angle and external moment on load sharing of elbow muscles

Praagman¹,

Chadwick²,

Helm³

et al. 2010

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…in literature, there are reports that the production of maximum forearm supination torque is influenced by elbow position and that the greatest torque-generating capacity occurs in the positions in which the elbow is at greater flexion angles, decreasing as the elbow extends [11][12][13] . the effect on the capacity for maximum supination torque production has been described in literature; however there is no record, up to the present date, of studies on the effects of elbow position on submaximum torque control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeito da posição da articulação do cotovelo no controle de torque de supinação do antebraço em jovens adultos

Borges¹,

Rodrigues²,

Loss³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. fisioter.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: large numbers of cases of pathological conditions in the forearm and elbow that have been reported in the literature are associated with tasks involving effort and repetitive movements of the arms and hands. Elbow position is known to affect the production of maximum forearm supination torque, and is a critical factor in designing appropriate therapeutic exercises. However, to our knowledge, there are no data on the effects of elbow position on tasks requiring control over submaximal torque levels. objective: this study investigated the effects of elbow position on the production of maximum isometric forearm supination torque, and on constant and continuous torque control at different submaximal torque levels. method: Sixteen young adults (24.7 ± 2.2 years old) were asked to perform two tasks: production of maximum lateral pinch torque (thumb and index finger) and controlled lateral pinch constant torque. Both tasks were evaluated at four different elbow positions (free position, 0°, 45° and 90° of elbow flexion) and three submaximal levels of lateral pinch torque production (20%, 40% and 60%). maximal torque, variability, irregularity and accuracy of the motor response were used as dependent variables. Results: greater torque values were found when the elbow joint was not restricted. the torque control tasks were not affected by the elbow position. However, greater variability and irregularity and lower accuracy in torque response were recorded with progressively increased submaximal torque levels. Conclusion: the results suggest that elbow position is not a determining factor for rehabilitation exercises that include torque control, in relation to forearm supination.

show abstract

The influence of task and angle on torque production and muscle activity at the elbow

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Upper-limb surface electro-myography at maximum supination and pronation torques: the effect of elbow and forearm angle

Upper-limb surface electro-myography at maximum supination and pronation torques: the effect of elbow and forearm angle

The effect of elbow angle and external moment on load sharing of elbow muscles

Efeito da posição da articulação do cotovelo no controle de torque de supinação do antebraço em jovens adultos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About