The Influence of Sufentanil on Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Cardiac Surgery

Effect of desflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia on glucose metabolism during surgery: a comparison with desflurane/epidural anaesthesia

“…Epidural anaesthesia has long been recognized to suppress or, at least, to attenuate the hyperglycaemic response to abdominal surgery. Intravenous administration of morphine (3), fentanyl (4), alfentanil (5) and sufentanil (6) also prevents the intraoperative increase in the plasma concentration of glucose, particularly when large doses are being administered.…”

Stress repair mechanism activity explains inflammation and apoptosis

“…Idiopathic Insomnia demonstrates that sleep and dreaming are not essential in humans [230,522,[524][525][526]. However, occult allostasis explains neurosis in humans.…”

“…One may not sense the pain of a dentist's drill, but one can still perceive vibration, pressure, the noise of the drill, and the comments of the dentist and his staff. One anticipates pain and danger consciously, even if none is present, and this activates the SNS [230, [524][525][526][528][529][530][531].…”

Anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery — a plea for a goal-directed approach

“…20,21,79' 89 Even with a meticulous anaesthetic technique, however, a large proportion of ischaemia occurs unrelated to haemodynamic aberrations and probably reflects perturbations in the underlying disease process 89 and may or may not be amenable to intervention by the anaesthetist. When detected, ischaemia should be treated.86 PREVENTION Based on the supposition that myocardial ischaemia leads to increased morbidity and mortafity, that it occurs frequently in the postoperative period, and that previous studies had demonstrated elevations in stress-related hormones, 10,[94][95][96][97][98][99] including catecholamines, in the postoperative period, 94-97 Mangano et aL treated a group of 106 cardiac patients with an intensive analgesic regimen in an effort to minimize episodes of ECG detected myocardial ischaemia. I00 Anaesthetic agents had been shown in some ~~176 but not all 10'95'96 studies to ameliorate the stress response to surgery.…”