The influence of substrate concentrations on the rate of insect juvenile hormone biosynthesis by corpora allata of the desert locust <i>in vitro</i>

Tobe, Stephen S.; Pratt, G. E.

doi:10.1042/bj1440107

Cited by 289 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The individual in vitro rate of juvenile hormone release, a good indicator of both hormone production rate and hemolymph titer in most insects, was determined for 27 queens using a rapid partition radiochemical assay (RCA) Tobe and Pratt 1974;modified by Feyereisen and Tobe 1981;Brent and Vargo 2003). The paired glands of the corpora allata and corpora cardiaca complex, hereafter referred to as the CA, were dissected under sterile conditions and cleaned of any attached tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual mechanism of queen influence over sex ratio in the ant Pheidole pallidula

Menten

Fournier

Brent

et al. 2005

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Social Hymenoptera are general models for the study of parent-offspring conflict over sex ratio, because queens and workers frequently have different reproductive optima. The ant Pheidole pallidula shows a split distribution of sex ratios with most of the colonies producing reproductives of a single sex. Sex ratio specialization is tightly associated with the breeding system, with single-queen (monogynous) colonies producing malebiased brood and multiple-queen (polygynous) colonies female-biased brood. Here, we show that this sex specialization is primarily determined by the queen's influence over colony sex ratio. Queens from monogynous colonies produce a significantly more male-biased primary sex ratio than queens from polygynous colonies. Moreover, queens from monogynous colonies produce a significantly lower proportion of diploid eggs that develop into queens and this is associated with lower rate of juvenile hormone (JH) production compared to queens from polygynous colonies. These results indicate that queens regulate colony sex ratio in two complementary ways: by determining the proportion of female eggs laid and by hormonally biasing the development of female eggs into either a worker or reproductive form. This is the first time that such a dual system of queen influence over colony sex ratio is identified in an ant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual mechanism of queen influence over sex ratio in the ant Pheidole pallidula

Menten

Fournier

Brent

et al. 2005

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…The corpus ailatum of C. vomitoria produces juvenile hormone III bisepoxide (JHB3). Details of the radiochemical assay used to measure the rates of biosynthesis and release of this compound have been published previously (9), as have details of the assay used to measure the rates of production ofjuvenile hormone III (JH III) in D. punctata (2,(11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Callatostatins: neuropeptides from the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria with sequence homology to cockroach allatostatins.

Duve

Johnsen

Scott

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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Five neuropeptides with C-terminal amino acid sequence homology to cockroach allatostatins have been identified in the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. Three have the same pentapeptide C-terminal amino acid sequence as allatostatin 1 of the cockroach Diploptera punctata. A hexadecapeptide designated callatostatin 1, isolated from thoracic ganglia, brains, and heads, has the sequence Asp-Pro-Leu-Asn-Glu-Glu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asn-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2. Callatostatins 2 and 3 have been isolated from heads and thoracic ganglia, respectively; they comprise the last 14 and 8 residues of callatostatin 1. Callatostatin 4, isolated from thoracic ganglia, has the sequence Xaa-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2, where Xaa is either Asp or Asn. This peptide, with a serine substitution for glycine at position 5, has a C-terminal pentapeptide sequence identical to that of allatostatins 3 and 4 of D. punctata. Callatostatin 5, with the sequence Gly-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Phe-Gly-Met-NH2, was identified from whole flies. All five peptides inhibit juvenile hormone production by the corpora allata of D. punctata in vitro. Callatostatin 5 was the most potent allatostatin so far tested in this species, with maximum inhibition occurring at 1 nM. In contrast, none of the callatostatins or the allatostatins showed allatostatic activity in mature female C. vomitoria when tested at concentrations of 100 to 0.1 microM. In accordance with these results, immunoreactivity to an antiserum directed against the common C terminus of callatostatin 1 and allatostatin 1 was observed in the corpora allata of D. punctata but not in the corpus allatum of C. vomitoria, despite its presence in neurons of the brain. Neurons in the thoracic ganglion of C. vomitoria that are immunoreactive against this antiserum project to the hindgut, rectum, rectal papillae, and oviduct, suggestive of a function different from that of a true allatostatin.

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“…JH3 is the only JH produced in insects other than Lepidopterans (3). JH3 production was measured at room temperature using a RCA (7,8) Initially, the Ringer's solution in the chamber was replaced with this medium for a 30-min preincubation. Subsequently, the medium was exchanged at 1-h intervals for, in most cases, 9 h. To measure the amount of labeled JH produced, each sample was mixed with 100 ,ul of ethanol containing 20 ,ug of nonradioactive JH3 and applied directly to analytical silica plates (Merck; silica gel 60 F245; 0.2 mm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of regulation of JH production by means of shortterm in vitro radiochemical assay (RCA) (7,8) indicate that nerve inputs from the subesophageal ganglion are not involved and that the type of CA regulation via brain neurons varies between species (3, 9). Allatostatic control exists in the cockroach Diploptera punctata (10), the beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (11), and probably in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (12), whereas nerve-mediated allatotropic effects have so far been observed only in locusts (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%