The Influence of Stressors on the Development of Psychopathology

Grant, Kathryn E.; McMahon, Susan D.; Carter, Jocelyn Smith; Carleton, Russell A.; Adam, Emma K.; Chen, Eric

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_11

Cited by 41 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Externalizing also had unique, bidirectional links with chronic stress independent from common psychopathology, demonstrating that previously reported associations were not simply driven by internalizing comorbidity (Doyle et al, 2016; Jackson et al, 2014; Keyes et al, 2012). Interestingly, there was no association between chronic stress in any domain and the internalizing specific dimension, despite scores of studies showing links between stress, depression, and anxiety (Grant et al, 2014). Importantly, this does not mean that internalizing symptoms are unrelated to chronic stress (see Table 2 showing manifest CDI and MASC correlations with stress), but rather that these associations are likely accounted for by common psychopathology (p factor) rather than relating to specific internalizing variance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The current study addressed these issues by testing prospective associations (over three years) between chronic stress and common psychopathology and internalizing- and externalizing-specific factors. We did so in a community sample of youth, from late childhood thorough adolescence–a critical developmental period of modal psychopathology onset (Merikangas et al, 2010) and heightened stress experience (Grant et al, 2014). We also tested the specificity of links to age, gender, and stress domains.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chronic Stress Exposure and Generation Are Related to the P-Factor and Externalizing Specific Psychopathology in Youth

Snyder

Young

Hankin

2017

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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Objective Psychopathology is posited to be transdiagnostically linked to chronic stress. Yet efforts to understand the specificity and directionality of these links have been sparse, and the ubiquitous comorbidity of psychopathology has made the seemingly non-specific links between psychological disorders and chronic stress difficult to interpret. The current study used a latent dimensional bifactor model of psychopathology to account for comorbidity and a multi-wave prospective design to disentangle temporal associations between psychopathology and chronic stress longitudinally during the critical adolescent period for psychopathology risk and stress reactivity. Method A community sample of 567 youth (55.5% female, age M=11.8 at baseline, M=15.1 at end of study) were followed prospectively for three years, with chronic stress assessed with the Youth Life Stress Interview and psychopathology symptoms assessed via both self and parent report. Results Exposure to chronic stress predicted what is common across forms of psychopathology (the p factor), which in turn predicted generation of chronic stress over time. After accounting for comorbidity via the p factor, externalizing behaviors also had specific transactional links to chronic stress, whereas links between internalizing psychopathology and chronic stress were completely accounted for by common psychopathology. Conclusions The results provide the first direct evidence that chronic stress is transdiagnostically and reciprocally linked to psychopathology, during a critical youth period for psychopathology onset and stress reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Stress Exposure and Generation Are Related to the P-Factor and Externalizing Specific Psychopathology in Youth

Snyder

Young

Hankin

2017

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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“…Prior theoretical and empirical work suggests that discrimination may disrupt daily psychological and behavioral processes, and these disruptions may help explain the pathways by which discrimination leads to psychopathology (Grant et al, 2014; Pascoe & Richman, 2009; Ong, et al, 2009). However, very few studies have explored these explanations using both diary and longitudinal data (across an extended period of time).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination, daily stress, sleep, and Mexican-origin adolescents’ internalizing symptoms.

Zeiders¹

2017

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objectives Using diary and longitudinal data, the current study examined the relations between Mexican-origin youths’ ethnic discrimination, daily sleep and stress processes, and internalizing symptoms. Methods Adolescents (N = 113; 49.6% female, Mage = 15.73 years) participated in an initial in-home interview and reported on ethnic discrimination and internalizing symptoms. They then completed a 3-day diary study and reported on their daily stress and sleep behaviors (i.e., sleep quality, sleep duration). Adolescents’ internalizing symptoms were re-assessed two years after the initial assessment. Results Discrimination related to greater daily stress and lower sleep quality. Daily stress was, in turn, marginally related to concurrent internalizing symptoms, but not longitudinal changes in symptoms. Sleep duration was unrelated to discrimination experiences and concurrent and long-term internalizing symptoms. Conclusion Discrimination disrupts daily processes that include overall stress levels and sleep quality. Daily stress processes may help explain the link between discrimination and Mexican-origin adolescents’ concurrent internalizing symptoms. Research examining daily processes provides insight into psychological and behavioral implications of discrimination experiences of adolescents.

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“…Exposure to stress in childhood and adolescence prospectively predicts increases in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms across development (for a review, 1). At the same time, most children experience some level of stress and remain resilient; thus, identifying vulnerability factors that moderate the association between stress and the development of psychopathology is of paramount public health importance (2; 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli Prospectively Predicts the Impact of a Natural Disaster on Psychiatric Symptoms in Children

Kujawa

Hajcak

Danzig

et al. 2016

Biological Psychiatry

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Background Natural disasters expose entire communities to stress and trauma, leading to increased risk for psychiatric symptoms. Yet, the majority of exposed individuals are resilient, highlighting the importance of identifying underlying factors that contribute to outcomes. Methods The current study was part of a larger prospective study of children in Long Island, NY (N = 260). At age 9, children viewed unpleasant and pleasant images while the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects sustained attention towards salient information, was measured. Following the ERP assessment, Hurricane Sandy, the second costliest hurricane in U.S. history, hit the region. Eight weeks after the hurricane, mothers reported on exposure to hurricane-related stress and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Symptoms were re-assessed 8 months after the hurricane. Results The LPP predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms after accounting for pre-hurricane symptomatology, and interacted with stress to predict externalizing symptoms. Among children exposed to higher levels of hurricane-related stress, enhanced neural reactivity to unpleasant images predicted greater externalizing symptoms 8 weeks after the disaster, while greater neural reactivity to pleasant images predicted lower externalizing symptoms. Moreover, interactions between the LPP and stress continued to predict externalizing symptoms 8 months after the hurricane. Conclusions Results indicate that heightened neural reactivity and attention towards unpleasant information, as measured by the LPP, predisposes children to psychiatric symptoms when exposed to higher levels of stress related to natural disasters, while greater reactivity to and processing of pleasant information may be a protective factor.

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The Influence of Stressors on the Development of Psychopathology

Cited by 41 publications

References 97 publications

Chronic Stress Exposure and Generation Are Related to the P-Factor and Externalizing Specific Psychopathology in Youth

Chronic Stress Exposure and Generation Are Related to the P-Factor and Externalizing Specific Psychopathology in Youth

Discrimination, daily stress, sleep, and Mexican-origin adolescents’ internalizing symptoms.

Neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli Prospectively Predicts the Impact of a Natural Disaster on Psychiatric Symptoms in Children

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