The Influence of Streptomycin on the Ecology of the Intestine and Resistance to Infection

Hentges, David J.; Que, John U.; Casey, S W

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70748-3_28

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We found that pretreating mice with streptomycin prior to inoculation was necessary to ensure reproducibly stable colonization from a single inoculation. This pretreatment presumably renders specific niches in the intestinal tract accessible to MP1 by eliminating pre-existing bacteria, especially facultative anaerobes (10,17,53). Previous studies suggest that the normal flora returns by 5 to 6 days following streptomycin treatment (54,55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This streptomycin-treated mouse model has played a key role in the characterization of the growth of E. coli in the intestine and the identification of nutritional and metabolic requirements for colonization (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The model has been particularly effective because it not only overcomes colonization resistance-the barrier to establishing an infection in an animal whose microbial flora is unperturbed-but also enables colonization with strains that would otherwise be unable to compete with bacteria that are well adapted to the host (10,11,17). Streptomycin eliminates a significant portion of the microbial diversity in the mouse intestine (17) and enables E. coli to greatly expand the niches that it occupies.…”

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“…The model has been particularly effective because it not only overcomes colonization resistance-the barrier to establishing an infection in an animal whose microbial flora is unperturbed-but also enables colonization with strains that would otherwise be unable to compete with bacteria that are well adapted to the host (10,11,17). Streptomycin eliminates a significant portion of the microbial diversity in the mouse intestine (17) and enables E. coli to greatly expand the niches that it occupies. Indeed, the number of E. coli CFU in mouse feces in the streptomycin-treated mouse is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the number typically found in untreated mice (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Streptomycin eliminates a significant portion of the microbial diversity in the mouse intestine (17) and enables E. coli to greatly expand the niches that it occupies. Indeed, the number of E. coli CFU in mouse feces in the streptomycin-treated mouse is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the number typically found in untreated mice (17). Thus, while this model system remains an invaluable tool for studying colonization, continuous streptomycin treatment may eliminate stresses or other environmental factors that emerge from increased competition with other bacteria or from attendant host responses.…”

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Escherichia coli Isolate for Studying Colonization of the Mouse Intestine and Its Application to Two-Component Signaling Knockouts

et al. 2014

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The biology of Escherichia coli in its primary niche, the animal intestinal tract, is remarkably unexplored. Studies with the streptomycin-treated mouse model have produced important insights into the metabolic requirements for Escherichia coli to colonize mice. However, we still know relatively little about the physiology of this bacterium growing in the complex environment of an intestine that is permissive for the growth of competing flora. We have developed a system for studying colonization using an E. coli strain, MP1, isolated from a mouse. MP1 is genetically tractable and does not require continuous antibiotic treatment for stable colonization. As an application of this system, we separately knocked out each two-component system response regulator in MP1 and performed competitions against the wild-type strain. We found that only three response regulators, ArcA, CpxR, and RcsB, produce strong colonization defects, suggesting that in addition to anaerobiosis, adaptation to cell envelope stress is a critical requirement for E. coli colonization of the mouse intestine. We also show that the response regulator OmpR, which had previously been hypothesized to be important for adaptation between in vivo and ex vivo environments, is not required for MP1 colonization due to the presence of a third major porin. Escherichia coli is one of the most extensively studied and bestcharacterized organisms. Its high growth rate, facile genetics, and simple nutritional requirements have made this bacterium an excellent model system for studying basic aspects of molecular biology and bacteriology and the primary host for DNA and protein engineering. The physiology of E. coli growth and survival under diverse conditions has been intensively studied, and a significant fraction of E. coli gene products and regulatory networks have been characterized. However, for such a well-studied organism, we know remarkably little about the biology of E. coli in its primary niche: the animal gastrointestinal tract.E. coli is generally the most abundant aerobe in the intestines of warm-blooded vertebrates, although its numbers vary considerably with animal host and geography (1-3). As a species, this bacterium has a remarkable genetic diversity; the number of genes in common among fully sequenced isolates is less than half the number of genes in any individual strain (4-6). Some E. coli strains are pathogenic, depending on the host and site of infection (3, 7-9), and have been intensively studied to understand the factors controlling their virulence. However, the majority of E. coli strains associated with animals are believed to be part of the normal flora of the intestine, growing asymptomatically as commensals.Most of our knowledge about E. coli colonization of the animal intestine comes from studies with streptomycin-resistant strains colonizing mice fed streptomycin continuously in their drinking water (10, 11). This streptomycin-treated mouse model has played a key role in the characterization of the growth of E. coli in the intestine a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escherichia coli Isolate for Studying Colonization of the Mouse Intestine and Its Application to Two-Component Signaling Knockouts

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“…The metabolic activities of these bacteria are known to the host (Finegold et al 1983;Hentages et al 1985; to be of great importance in determining the chemical and Freter 1986; Wilson et al 1988). It develops as a result environment of the colon (Salyers 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic fingerprinting and fermentative capacity of the intestinal flora of pigs during pre‐ and post‐weaning periods

Katouli

Lund²,

Wallgren

et al. 1997

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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. 1997. We used the Phene Plate generalized microplates to investigate the metabolic activities of faecal flora of pigs during pre-and post-weaning periods. Weekly samples were collected from four sows and their litters (four piglets from each) during 5 months. The metabolic fingerprints obtained from faecal floras of sows and their litters in the first sampling occasion was very similar, suggesting that sows were the initial source of flora for piglets. This similarity, however, was lost in week 2 and piglets developed new types of flora which, although similar among the litter-mates, differed from those of the sows. The metabolic fingerprints of pigs' floras during the post-weaning period also differed from those of the suckling period. On day 70 pigs were transferred to a fattening stable. The faecal flora of the animals during this period was unstable in each individual and differed among litter-mates. A pattern of successive changes was observed in the fermentative capacity (FC) of pigs' floras reaching the highest value before weaning (day 34). An overall decrease in the FC value of faecal floras was observed as a consequence of dietary shifts from milk to solid food to high energy fattening diet. The mean FC value of pig floras on the first sampling occasion (mean 2 S.D. 0·41 2 0·02) was significantly higher than that obtained in the last sampling occasion (day 145) (0·31 2 0·04) (P ³ 0·001). Faecal floras of sows also had lower FC values (0·25 2 0·01) than those of piglets suggesting that loss of FC by the faecal flora of young pigs will continue as they age.

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Effects of Antibiotics on Resistance to Colonization with Enteric Pathogens in Mice

Hentges

Marsh

Dougherty

et al. 1989

The Influence of Antibiotics on the Host-Parasite Relationship III

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The Influence of Streptomycin on the Ecology of the Intestine and Resistance to Infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Escherichia coli Isolate for Studying Colonization of the Mouse Intestine and Its Application to Two-Component Signaling Knockouts

Escherichia coli Isolate for Studying Colonization of the Mouse Intestine and Its Application to Two-Component Signaling Knockouts

Metabolic fingerprinting and fermentative capacity of the intestinal flora of pigs during pre‐ and post‐weaning periods

Effects of Antibiotics on Resistance to Colonization with Enteric Pathogens in Mice

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