The influence of storage practices on aflatoxin contamination in maize in four agroecological zones of Benin, west Africa

Hell, K.; Cardwell, Kitty F.; Sétamou, Mamoudou; Poehling, Hans‐Michael

doi:10.1016/s0022-474x(99)00056-9

Cited by 327 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Further, it is a potent immunotoxic agent in animals and also changes T-cell phenotypes in humans, which may aggravate the burden of infectious diseases in the developing world (Williams et al 2004;Jiang et al 2005;Wild 2007). AF contamination is an important problem in relation to food quality/food safety in Africa as a result of poor production and storage practices for major staples of the African diet (Hell et al 2000;Williams et al 2004Williams et al , 2010Lewis et al 2005). Studies in Uganda indicate that AF exposure is broadly similar to that reported from other African countries (Kaaya & Warren 2005).…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Arti Clementioning

confidence: 95%

Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Kang

Nkurunziza

Muwanika

et al. 2015

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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akes every effort t o ensure t he accuracy of all t he inform at ion ( t he " Cont ent " ) cont ained in t he publicat ions on our plat form . However, Taylor & Francis, our agent s, and our licensors m ake no represent at ions or warrant ies what soever as t o t he accuracy, com plet eness, or suit abilit y for any purpose of t he Cont ent . Any opinions and views expressed in t his publicat ion are t he opinions and views of t he aut hors, and are not t he views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of t he Cont ent should not be relied upon and should be independent ly verified wit h prim ary sources of inform at ion. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, act ions, claim s, proceedings, dem ands, cost s, expenses, dam ages, and ot her liabilit ies what soever or howsoever caused arising direct ly or indirect ly in connect ion wit h, in relat ion t o or arising out of t he use of t he Cont ent . This art icle m ay be used for research, t eaching, and privat e st udy purposes. Any subst ant ial or syst em at ic reproduct ion, redist ribut ion, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, syst em at ic supply, or dist ribut ion in any form t o anyone is expressly forbidden. Term s & Condit ions of access and use can be found at ht t p: / / www.t andfonline.com / page/ t erm s-and-condit ions Aflatoxins (AF) are a group of mycotoxins. AF exposure causes acute and chronic adverse health effects such as aflatoxicosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in human populations, especially in the developing world. In this study, AF exposure was evaluated using archived serum samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative participants from two cohort studies in south-western Uganda. AFB 1 -lysine (AFB-Lys) adduct levels were determined via HPLC fluorescence in a total of 713 serum samples from the General Population Cohort (GPC), covering eight time periods between 1989 and 2010. Overall, 90% (642/713) of the samples were positive for AFB-Lys and the median level was 1.58 pg mg −1 albumin (range = 0.40-168 pg mg −1 albumin). AFB-Lys adduct levels were also measured in a total of 374 serum samples from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), across four time periods between 1999 and 2003. The averaged detection rate was 92.5% (346/374) and the median level was 1.18 pg mg −1 albumin (range = 0.40-122.5 pg mg −1 albumin). In the GPC study there were no statistically significant differences between demographic parameters, such as age, sex and level of education, and levels of serum AFB-Lys adduct. In the RCCS study, longitudinal analysis using generalised estimating equations revealed significant differences between the adduct levels and residential areas (p = 0.05) and occupations (p = 0.02). This study indicates that AF exposure in people in two populations in south-western Uganda is persistent and has not significantly changed over time. Data from one study, but not the other, indicated that agriculture workers and rural area residents had more AF exposure than those non-agricultural workers and non...

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confidence: 95%

Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Kang

Nkurunziza

Muwanika

et al. 2015

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…Most households and traders in Kenya prefer polypropylene and polyethylene bags for packaging and storing peanuts with less than 1% of the traders storing their products in the recommended jute bags . The packaging/storage material used influences microbial and aflatoxin contamination of stored peanuts and maize (Hell, Cardwell, Setamou, & Poehling, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Levels and Assessment of Major Aflatoxin Types in Stored Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

Wagacha¹,

Mutegi²,

Christie³

et al. 2013

JFR

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Peanut kernels of Homabay Local, Valencia Red, ICGV-SM 12991 and ICGV-SM 99568 cultivars were stored for six months in jute, polypropylene and polyethylene bags to assess the effect of storage bags, temperature and R.H. on fungal population and aflatoxin contamination. Moisture content (M.C.), fungal population and aflatoxin levels were determined before storage and after every 30 days during storage. Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were assayed for production of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. The correlation between MC, population of A. flavus and A. parasiticus and aflatoxin levels in peanuts was also determined. Six fungal pathogens were commonly isolated from the peanut samples and occurred as follows in decreasing order: Penicillium spp. (106.6 CFU/g), A. flavus L-strain (4.8 CFU/g), A. flavus S-strain (2.9 CFU/g), A. niger (2.6 CFU/g), A. parasiticus (1.7 CFU/g) and A. tamarii (0.2 CFU/g). The overall population of A. flavus L-strain was 66% higher than that of A. flavus S-strain. Ninety one percent of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates produced at least one of the four aflatoxin types assayed, with 36% producing aflatoxin B1. Total aflatoxin levels ranged from 0 -47.8 µg/kg with samples stored in polyethylene and jute bags being the most and least contaminated, respectively. Eighty nine percent and 97% of the peanut samples met the EU (≤ 4 µg/kg) and Kenyan (≤ 10 µg/kg) regulatory standards for total aflatoxin, respectively. Peanuts should be adequately dried to safe moisture level and immediately packaged in a container -preferably jute bags -which will not promote critical increases in fungal population and aflatoxin contamination.

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“…Udoh et al (2000) were of the view that caution must be exercised in using plant materials to control mycotoxins, because some of these materials are natural media for A. flavus growth. Hell et al (2000) found that the use of Khaya senegalensis bark to protect maize against insects increased the risk of aflatoxin development, and that even the farmers in Benin, West Africa were aware of the low efficiency of the indigenous products, but were being compelled to use them because of their inaccessibility to chemical products. Some toxigenic A. flavus have been found to grow and produce mycotoxins in herbal plants.…”

Section: Challenges In the Production And Usage Of Fungicidal Botanicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins with Phytochemicals: Potentials and Challenges

Anjorin¹,

Salako²,

Makun³

2013

Mycotoxin and Food Safety in Developing Countries

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The influence of storage practices on aflatoxin contamination in maize in four agroecological zones of Benin, west Africa

Cited by 327 publications

References 21 publications

Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Changes in Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Levels and Assessment of Major Aflatoxin Types in Stored Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins with Phytochemicals: Potentials and Challenges

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