The Influence of Standing or Lying Upon the Metabolism of Cattle

Armsby, Henry Prentiss; Fries, J. August

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1913.31.4.245

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Corrections have been applied to the crude figures from time to time, e.g. correction for activity variation (Armsby & Fries, 1913), for departure from nitrogen equilibrium (Armsby, 1917, p. 640) and for the energy cost of maintaining the increased body-weight at the higher nutritional level (Swift, 1942), though the logic behind most of them is difficult to follow.…”

Section: Table I Energy Categories (Cal/ioo G Dry Matter Of Feed) Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Assessing the Energy Values of Foods for Ruminant Animals

Blaxter

Graham

1955

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Assessment of energy value of foods 131of the same species? Two world wars have forced us to think of human beings and of farm animals as populations in a statistical sense. We count heads, assign 'man values' for energy requirements. Such a practice is essential for the administrator, but it does ignore individual differences. We have no evidence for variation in the efficiency of the fundamental biochemical processes with which individuals of the same species liberate energy from food. Yet human beings, as individuals, do differ in their instinctive demand for food. This difference is not necessarily correlated with the expenditure of energy. The obese human being within the nation is an inefficient individual. But the ox, fattening in his stall, is fulfilling his man-made destiny.The assessment of the energy value of human and animal foods cannot then be studied as a problem in pure chemistry. In due time biochemistry will elucidate the complexities of the processes at molecular and cellular level which determine the liberation of energy from food. But the final word is with the living animal itself which is a biological entity. And a human being is also a person.

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Section: Table I Energy Categories (Cal/ioo G Dry Matter Of Feed) Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Assessing the Energy Values of Foods for Ruminant Animals

Blaxter

Graham

1955

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…There is a marked increase in the metabolism of cattle when standing as compared with lying position (Armsby & Fries 1913). They concluded that the increased heat emission by cattle during standing represents the increase in heat production.…”

Section: Behaviour and Body Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat load alleviation in beef cattle: water application during continuous high temperature exposure

Tait¹

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The live export industry is an integral part of the Australian cattle industry and makes a significant contribution to the Australian economy. Heat stroke has been a major cause of cattle death on long haul sea voyages and has the potential to threaten the viability and sustainability of cattle exports.To mitigate high heat loads on these voyages, it is necessary to implement cooling strategies to lower the temperature of the microclimate surrounding the cattle. The main cooling method used on live export voyages is high pressure hosing but no research has been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of this or other water application methods. The major focus of this thesis was therefore, to explore heat load mitigation of confined beef cattle. The initial hypothesis was that the application of water onto cattle exposed to a continuous high heat load will reduce the severity of heat stress.As, different breeds of cattle and composites are exported together, the second hypothesis was that different cattle breeds and composites respond differently to heat exposure and to water cooling.Climatic conditions for all three studies were based on the conditions encountered on board a live export vessel travelling from southern Australia to the Middle East (during the northern hemisphere summer). The first study obtained data on changes in the microclimate and responses of Bos taurus cattle (Angus) when water was applied via a hose to cattle maintained in single pens under continuous hot conditions. The results showed that the water application had a positive impact on cattle comfort (respiratory rate reduced by 50 -80 bpm; rectal temperature reduced within an hour after wetting of cattle). The dry-bulb temperature was also reduced following longer duration water applications. The impact of water application on physiological parameters, such as rate of respiration and rectal temperature, was a function of water volume applied and ambient conditions. For all steers mean daily rectal temperatures and respiratory rates were lower (P < 0.01) during thermoneutral conditions than during the 11 days of hot conditions. Four water application methods (hosing, overhead sprinklers, leg sprinklers and misters) were evaluated in the second experiment with the same Bos taurus breed. Volume and frequency of water application was assessed with the cattle were housed in groups (n = 9) on sawdust bedding. Of the four methods evaluated, hosing was the most effective in mitigating the heat load on the cattle. The leg wetting and misting treatments had little to no effect. While not as effective as hosing, overhead sprinklers did afford heat relief and may have advantages for cooling large numbers of cattle at the same time. Bedding had to be removed after it became wet due to increased concentrations of atmospheric ammonia that posed a risk to cattle and human health. IIAs live export ships carry both Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle, the third experiment investigated the effects of high heat load conditions on three breeds of cattle an...

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Der Stärkewert und andere Futtereinheiten

Mangold

1931

Handbuch Der Ernährung Und Des Stoffwechsels Der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere Als Grundlagen Der Fütterungslehre

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The Influence of Standing or Lying Upon the Metabolism of Cattle

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Methods of Assessing the Energy Values of Foods for Ruminant Animals

Methods of Assessing the Energy Values of Foods for Ruminant Animals

Heat load alleviation in beef cattle: water application during continuous high temperature exposure

Der Stärkewert und andere Futtereinheiten

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