The influence of sowing rate and row spacing on the plant density and yield of red beet

Benjamin, L. R.; Sutherland, R. A.; Senior, D.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600044397

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Sowing depth, seed type, in-row plant density, and row spacing are important factors influencing yield and taproot size [12][13][14][15][16]. For example, higher in-row plant densities increase the proportion of plants with small roots but at the expense of total root yield [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The New York table beet industry is expanding and has unique challenges to minimize crop loss in both conventional and organic production. Diseases may reduce plant population density and increase heterogeneity in a stand, reduce the duration of time foliage is healthy, and decrease the yield of marketable roots. Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Pythium ultimum Trow are dominant in the pathogen complex affecting crop stand and root health. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus, Cercospora beticola Sacc

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

et al. 2018

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“…Often only half the plants are in beet. Uniformity of spacing is only a minor source this grade at the densities at which red beet are of variation in a number of crops (Brewster & grown commercially (Benjamin, Sutherland & Salter, 1980;Salter, Currah & Fellows, 1981;Senior, 1985). Despite this, the importance of the Soetono & Puckridge, 1982;Benjamin, 1984a, b) factors which might cause variation in size in this and Hegarty & Thompson (1974) also reported this crop has received little attention.…”

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“…Red beet crops are grown at high densities of 50-200 plants/m 2 and therefore any variation in the seedling population might be greatly magnified by inter-plant competition. Over this range of densities yield of red beet often decreases (Benjamin et al 1985) which might influence the relationship between plant density and plant-to-plant size variation. The genetic component of variation in crops can also be large.…”

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The influence of seed type and plant density on variation in plant size of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crops

Benjamin¹,

Bell²

1985

J. Agric. Sci.

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In each of three experiments, five seed lots, representing multigerm, monogerm, open pollinated and hybrid types, were grown at three plant densities and the time of seedling emergence, uniformity of within-row spacing, the weight of individual shoots and roots at four occasions were recorded.Seedling emergence was more rapid in a May-sown experiment than in a March-sown experiment. The monogerm seed lot had a lower standard deviation of emergence time in the May-sown experiment and in all experiments had a more uniform within-row spacing than the other seed lots, but there was no consistent relationship between these two attributes and uniformity of root weight.The mean weight of shoots and roots increased rapidly until 600 day °C above 6 had accumulated. The yield of shoots then remained constant at about 30 t/ha at 47 plants/ m 2 and at about 40 t/ha at 188 plants/m 2 . The weight of roots increased throughout the experiments and yields of over 100 t/ha were achieved. The monogerm seed lot gave a ceiling shoot yield about 20 % less than that of the other seed lots, whereas there were no large or consistent differences in root yield between the different seed lots. Shoot yield increased with plant density, especially at very early harvests, whereas root yield showed a variable response to density. At early harvests in all experiments, root yield increased with increasing density; at late harvests in one experiment, yield decreased with density, but in another there was no marked response to density.Coefficient of variation (c.v.) of root weight was only about 30 % in young unthickened roots, but in older thickened roots was between 70 and 117 % at 47 plants/in 2 , and increased to over 180% at 188 plants/m a . The C.v. of root weight of the monogerm seed lot was approximately 20 % less than that of the other seed lots.In a fourth experiment, plots were thinned to leave within each row either a uniform or a clumped distribution of seedlings of either uniform or variable size. Uniformity of spacing had no effect on variation in root weight 126 days after sowing, but selecting for seedlings of uniform size reduced the c.v. of root weight by approximately 20%.

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“…For example, the variation in plant sizes, measured as the C.v. of plant weight or as variance of the log-transformed weights, increased between the first and second harvests of Expts 2 and 3. In these experiments the achieved plant densities (105 and 121 plants/m 2 ) were within the range in which inter-plant competition occurs (Benjamin, Sutherland & Senior, 1985;Benjamin & Bell, 1985). Furthermore, this increase in variation was accompanied by increases in the coefficient of skewness, indicating that the populations were becoming dominated by the presence of a small number of relatively large individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

The relative importance of cluster size, sowing depth, time of seedling emergence and between-plant spacing on variation in plant size in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crops

Benjamin¹

1987

J. Agric. Sci.

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Beets with a coefficient of variation (C.v.) of weight of only 36-46% were produced by reducing the variation in cluster size, sowing depth, time of seedling emergence, proximity and size of neighbours to as low a value as practicable. The relative importance of these different sources of variation in plant size was examined in two experiments sown in contrasting conditions. Variation in time of seedling emergence was a major source of variation in plant size and was partially caused by variation in the environment around the clusters. Variation in true seed size and between-plant spacing was achieved by use of clusters of different sizes, but these factors were associated with only a negligible variation in root size. Similarly, local interactions between plants, brought about by variation in plant-to-plant spacing, accounted for only a small proportion of the variation in root weight. INTRODUCTIONIn a recent study by Benjamin & Bell (1985) it was pointed out that although variation in plant size is of considerable economic importance in red beet there had been no extensive systematic studies of the causes of this variation. This earlier study showed that non-hybrid beets were as uniform as F 1 hybrid beets, indicating that agronomic factors rather than genetic factors were responsible for the variation observed. These agronomic factors include variation in cluster size, sowing depth, time of seedling emergence, seedling size at emergence, and proximity and size of neighbours. The earlier study showed that variation in seedling size 3 or 4 weeks after emergence had a large influence on the subsequent variation in plant size, but there was no detectable effect of variation in time of seedling emergence or plant spacing on variation in plant size. Variation in plant weight increased with plant density, suggesting that variation in beet crops was due to hierarchy in plant sizes caused by competitive interactions between plants. However, the variation in plant weight did not increase consistently with duration of growth.

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The influence of sowing rate and row spacing on the plant density and yield of red beet

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

Challenges and Prospects for Building Resilient Disease Management Strategies and Tactics for the New York Table Beet Industry

The influence of seed type and plant density on variation in plant size of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crops

The relative importance of cluster size, sowing depth, time of seedling emergence and between-plant spacing on variation in plant size in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crops

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