“…Thus, it was seen that lower urinary con centrations of Ni, Mn and Li were present in stone-form ers rather than in healthy people, nevertheless, no differ ences were found in the urinary concentrations of Zn, Cu, Al, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Sr, Mo and Pb between stone-formers and healthy people [ 1 ]. It has also been reported that some of these ions as Zn can act as effective promoters in renal stone formation [2], It must also be considered that ions as Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg and Fe have been described as inhibi tors of calcium oxalate crystal growth [3][4][5][6],…”