The influence of soil mineral fertilization on the intensity of accumulation of radiocesium and heavy metals in sunflower pollen

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the influence of mineral soil fertilization on the intensity of radiocesium, lead and cadmium accumulation in sunflower pollen (bee pollen) produced in the conditions of northern Polissia. Providing the population with highquality food products is one of the main social tasks of today. Pollen is a vegetable raw material from which bees produce bee honey, perga and royal jelly, which have highly nutritious and healing properties, so they are successfully used in population nutrition and prevention of a number of diseases. Practice shows that the demand for this product is growing rapidly because it is a source of amino acids, vitamins, minerals and other biologically active substances. In connection with the wide range of use of this product in food and medicine, there is a need to control its quality and safety, especially in modern conditions of man-made load on nectar-pollen-bearing lands due to the high level of chemicalization in the field of crop production. The purpose of the research was to study the accumulation of radiocesium, lead and cadmium in sunflower pollen under mineral fertilization of soils in the conditions of Northern Polissia. It was established that the highest content of radiocesium, lead and cadmium in flower pollen was observed when the soil was fertilized with ammonium nitrate. In particular, in sunflower pollen, the specific activity of radiocesium was higher by 43.8 %, 2.1 times and 67.7 % after soil fertilization with ammonium nitrate; accumulation coefficient by 41.1%, 2.1 times, 67.7 %; the hazard coefficient is 44.2 %, 2.1 times, 66.6 % compared to simple superphosphate, potassium chloride and a mixture of NPK fertilizers. The concentration indicators, the accumulation coefficient, the danger coefficient of lead in sunflower pollen for soil fertilization with ammonium nitrate were higher in comparison with simple superphosphate by 2.0 times, 2.0 and 2.1 times; potassium chloride – by 66.6 %, 1.6 times and 66.6 %; with a mixture of NPK fertilizers – by 76.4 %, 77.7 % and 78.5 %. The concentration, accumulation coefficient, hazard coefficient of cadmium in sunflower pollen were higher when fertilized with ammonium nitrate in comparison with simple superphosphate by 2.2 times, 2.1 and 2.2 times, potassium chloride by 66.6 %, 68.4 %, 65 %; with a mixture of NPK fertilizers – 2.0 times, 2.0 and 2.0 times. Key words: radiocesium, heavy metals, lead, cadmium, mineral fertilizers, soil, sunflower, flower pollen, accumulation coefficient, hazard coefficient, concentration.