SUMMARY.A group of 17 children who had been removed from deleterious family backgrounds and placed in institutional care were exposed to ten 30-minute sessions of imaginative play training. When compared with matched controls, the experimental subjects showed significant post-training increments in levels of imaginative play, positive emotionality, prosocial behaviours, and in measures of divergent thinking and story-telling skills, and decreases in levels of overt aggression. The variables of age, non-verbal intelligence and fantasy predisposition were found to influence the subjects' responsiveness to the training programme, with younger, high-fantasy and high-IQ children being most susceptible to the influence of the training exercises.