The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual decisions: Evidence from the behaviour of referees

Dawson, Peter; Dobson, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.joep.2009.06.001

Cited by 94 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that referees can be subconsciously influenced by the noise of a large crowd in the stadium and react by favoring the home team, awarding more penalties and less disciplinary sanctions to the home team or conceding more injury time to it when is behind (Nevill et al 2002;Dohmen, 2008;Sutter and Kocher, 2004;Scoppa, 2008;Dawson and Dobson, 2010;Page and Page, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies

Ponzo

Scoppa

2016

Journal of Sports Economics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies

Ponzo

Scoppa

2016

Journal of Sports Economics

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“…Consequently, physiological, kinematical and decision-making referee response during a match is always conditioned by physical and technical conduct which adopted each of the players and the tactic arranged in the pitch in (Dawson and Dobson, 2010), the decisions previously taken during the match (Plessner and Betsch, 2001) and development of referee psychological processes in relation to flash memory volume and attention level (Ortega, Villamizar and Zahir, 2014). This research will be divided in two parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic and physiological analysis of the performance of the referee football and its relationship with decision making

Gómez-Carmona¹,

Pino-Ortega²

2016

jhse

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The aim of this study was to examine the cinematic and physiological requirements of referees and assistant referees and their relationship to decision-making in various official competition matches in football. The sample consisted of six referees, one acted as main referee and five as assistant referees (age: 21.2 ± 0.98 years; height: 175.67 ± 4.27 cm, weight: 65.73 ± 4.68 kg). The registration of the data of the subjects participating in the study was conducted with an inertial system called WIMU and the analysis of the data was performed with a software called Quiko (RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain). In the study, 4 games of the League Championship Third Division (Group XIII) belonging to the 2014-2015 season were analyzed. The main findings were that the referee runs an average distance of 10124.7 ± 543.2 meters, with an average speed between 7.2 and 13 km/h with a maximum heart rate (HRmax) between 85-95% of his maximum; assistant referees walked an average distance of 5793.4 ± 481.7 meters, with an average speed between 3.6 to 7.2 km/h with a HRmax between 75-85% of their maximum. The aspects which influenced the decision making of the referees and caused the errors were: the part of the pitch, the period of play and the HRmax percentage of the referee. What this research shows is that referees and assistant referees should be considered in terms of training as independent people, and that referees must correct the movements in the field, concentration and work situations where your HRmax is above 85% to improve its success rate. Future studies should pursue this investigation with a greater number of senior officials and higher number of matches to generalize the results to all arbitral establishments and improve its quality.

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“…Many studies have such findings that confirm this case and it is claimed that unsporting behaviors are mostly acted towards the referees (8). Many researches reveal that football fans, as a social factor, affect the referees' decisions (biased referee) and shape these decisions (6,3,5,4,9,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey

ZELYURT¹,

ATACOCUGU²

2015

TJSE

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The aim and the question of this study is to present the variables and the processes of the football refereeing's professional conditions. Owing to the fact that there aren't any studies done before in the present literature relating to this matter, th is study is summarized based on related instructions in Turkey, news from newspapers and examples from some countries in literature review section of this study. The method of the study is based on questionnaire technique. Due to the standardization in professional conditions and wages, questionnaire application is limited with Istanbul, and 55 male referees are found during the training in Istanbul Beylerbeyi Facilities. The subjects consist of the referees from 5 classifications and it is seen that the duration of experience increases form county refereeing to national refereeing. The referees are seen to conduct from 1 to 6 matches in a month. 44 of the subjects works in another job and insured through that job. This makes it obvious that the refereeing has not reached to the level of total professionalization. The fact that they remark 10.9% of the subjects are policemen, 12.7% of them are teacher, 14.5% of them are officer and 50.9% of them work in "other" lines of business and the rate of the ones who earn their livings only through refereeing corresponds to 3.6% validate the given situation. The fact that 50.9% of the subjects demand the refereeing to become a full-time profession testifies the request of the people who performs refereeing for professionalization. 50.9% of the subjects in total reported that Physical Aptitude Test causes stress. The fact that 36.3% of the subjects reported they do it as a hobby and 58% of them reported they do it both as a hobby and their own job exhibits the "semi-professional" appearance of football refereeing.

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The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual decisions: Evidence from the behaviour of referees

Cited by 94 publications

References 26 publications

Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies

Does the Home Advantage Depend on Crowd Support? Evidence From Same-Stadium Derbies

Kinematic and physiological analysis of the performance of the referee football and its relationship with decision making

An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey

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