The influence of social environment and social image on adolescent smoking.

Evans, W. Douglas; Powers, Anne M.; Hersey, James; Renaud, Jeanette

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.26

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The process of peer socialisation, whereby adolescents take on the values and behaviours of the ‘group’ in order to be accepted [37], was a theme that cut across Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants, but was a more central theme for female participants generally.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starting to smoke: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian indigenous youth

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAdult smoking has its roots in adolescence. If individuals do not initiate smoking during this period it is unlikely they ever will. In high income countries, smoking rates among Indigenous youth are disproportionately high. However, despite a wealth of literature in other populations, there is less evidence on the determinants of smoking initiation among Indigenous youth. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of smoking among Australian Indigenous young people with a particular emphasis on the social and cultural processes that underlie tobacco use patterns among this group.MethodsThis project was undertaken in northern Australia. We undertook group interviews with 65 participants and individual in-depth interviews with 11 youth aged 13–20 years led by trained youth ‘peer researchers.’ We also used visual methods (photo-elicitation) with individual interviewees to investigate the social context in which young people do or do not smoke. Included in the sample were a smaller number of non-Indigenous youth to explore any significant differences between ethnic groups in determinants of early smoking experiences. The theory of triadic influence, an ecological model of health behaviour, was used as an organising theory for analysis.ResultsFamily and peer influences play a central role in smoking uptake among Indigenous youth. Social influences to smoke are similar between Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth but are more pervasive (especially in the family domain) among Indigenous youth. While Indigenous youth report high levels of exposure to smoking role models and smoking socialisation practices among their family and social networks, this study provides some indication of a progressive denormalisation of smoking among some Indigenous youth.ConclusionsFuture initiatives aimed at preventing smoking uptake in this population need to focus on changing social normative beliefs around smoking, both at a population level and within young peoples’ immediate social environment. Such interventions could be effectively delivered in both the school and family environments. Specifically, health practitioners in contact with Indigenous families should be promoting smoke free homes and other anti-smoking socialisation behaviours.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starting to smoke: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian indigenous youth

et al. 2012

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“…Popular middle school students are more likely to smoke than their less popular peers [16, 28], especially in schools where there is a high prevalence of smoking [9]. In recent studies more than 60% of the adolescents aged 9 to 13 years said the primary reason for experimenting with cigarettes was the belief that smoking would make them popular [29], while the perception that smokers have more friends was strongly associated with smoking behavior among middle school adolescents [30]. The present study extends these results, because the analytic approach we used demonstrates that the adolescents’ perceptions of the social benefits associated with smoking vary with their social standing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Subjective Social Status on the Relationship Between Positive Outcome Expectations and Experimentation with Cigarettes

Wilkinson

Shete

Vasudevan

et al. 2009

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-In Texas, Mexican American (MA) adolescents, and in particular boys, are at increased risk of experimenting with cigarettes compared to their black or white counterparts. Positive outcome expectations (POE), the functional social significance ascribed to cigarettes, and subjective social status (SSS), the adolescents' subjective views of where they lie in the school-based social hierarchy, are independent predictors of smoking. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that SSS moderates the relationship between POE and experimentation with cigarettes.Methods-Moderating effects of SSS were examined using a between-subjects 2 by 2 ANOVA and unconditional logistic regression analyses. Using a prospective study design, we followed 1,142 MA adolescents aged 11 to 13. Participants completed a baseline survey at home, which assessed POE, SSS, and smoking and were followed via telephone at 6 monthly intervals over a 12 month period to assess changes in smoking behavior.Results-At follow-up, there were 99 new experimenters. Consistent with our hypothesis, adolescents who reported moderate-low SSS and who held POE at baseline were more likely to have experimented with cigarettes at either follow-up than their peers with moderate-low SSS who held less POE (OR=1.92, CI: 1.02-3.58). There was no association between outcome expectations and experimenting among adolescents with high SSS (OR=1.79, CI: 0.73-4.36). Low SSS boys were more likely to experiment than girls and high SSS boys.Conclusions-The results of this study indicate that adolescents with moderate-low SSS hold different outcome expectations about smoking than their higher SSS peers. The results underscore the possibility that moderate-low SSS adolescents view behaviors such as smoking as a way to achieve higher SSS and thereby increase their peer social standing. Our results suggest that, in addition to tailoring intervention efforts by gender, placing adolescents of similar social standing to one another within the school into intervention groups that are led by a peer-nominated peer may increase the overall effectiveness of these peer-led prevention efforts.Corresponding author and reprint requests to:

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“…Past studies demonstrate the relevance of these demographic variables in relation to the network characteristics (e.g., Ennett & Bauman, 1993; Hoffman, Suh, & Pach, 1997), peer influence processes (e.g., Dornelas et al, 2005; Evans, Powers, Hersey, & Renaud, 2006; Flay et al, 1994) and to the cigarette smoking behavior (e.g., Dornelas et al, 2005). Age was measured continuously under study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social integration in friendship networks: The synergy of network structure and peer influence in relation to cigarette smoking among high risk adolescents

Lakon

Valente

2012

Social Science & Medicine

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Using data from a study of high risk adolescents in Southern California, U.S.A. (N = 851), this study examined synergy between social network measures of social integration and peer influence in relation to past month cigarette smoking. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, results indicated that being central in networks was significantly and positively related to past month cigarette smoking, across all study models. In addition, there is modest evidence that the number of reciprocated friendship ties was positively related to past month cigarette smoking. There is also some modest evidence that the relationship between having reciprocated friendships and past month cigarette smoking was moderated by a network peer influence process, smoking with those in youths’ best friend networks. Findings indicate that being integrated within a social network context of peer influences favoring drug use relates to more smoking among these high risk youth.

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The influence of social environment and social image on adolescent smoking.

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Starting to smoke: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian indigenous youth

Starting to smoke: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian indigenous youth

Influence of Subjective Social Status on the Relationship Between Positive Outcome Expectations and Experimentation with Cigarettes

Social integration in friendship networks: The synergy of network structure and peer influence in relation to cigarette smoking among high risk adolescents

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