The influence of slope angle on sediment, water and seed losses on badland landscapes

Cerdà, Artemi; Garcı́a-Fayos, P.

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(96)00019-0

Cited by 129 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the same badland area, seed losses were quantified in several experimental studies under simulated rainfall at 55 mm h −1 over 0.24 m 2 field plots with different slope angles and rainfall durations (Table 1). In all cases, average seed losses by runoff for the whole set of species were low (4, 0.4-7.9 and < 13 % according to the experimental conditions of Cerdà and García-Fayos, 1997;García-Fayos and Cerdà, 1997;and García-Fayos et al, 1995, respectively) and seed loss rates of individual species did not in any case exceed 25 % (García-Fayos and Cerdà, 1997). These results were in agreement with average seed losses obtained under natural conditions (García-Fayos et al, 1995) and also under laboratory conditions, where only 11 % of the seeds resting on an artificial surface were lost in average under simulated rainfall of similar intensity (Cerdà and García-Fayos, 2002, Table 1).…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of Seed Fates and Movements In And On The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Jiao et al (2011) and Han et al (2011) described that 30-45, 46.9 and 20.4 % of the seeds were moved from one site to another site inside a 1 m 2 and 2 m long laboratory experimental bin at intensities of 50, 100 and 150 mm h −1 , respectively, without being exported outside the bin. Using the same experimental setup, Wang et al (2013) measured an average distance of 157.5 cm corresponding to seed redistribution by runoff within a 2 m long bin, which was longer than the length of the plots used by Cerdà and García-Fayos (1997) and García-Fayos and Cerdà (1997) to quantify seed loss rates. Thus, whether seeds are lost or redistributed may be a matter of scale and more studies quantifying seed transport by runoff are needed at larger scales, where processes other than sheet erosion may also take part in seed transport (e.g.…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of Seed Fates and Movements In And On The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although frequently invoked, this assumption was not empirically checked until the pioneering studies of García-Fayos and his collaborators about seed transport by runoff flow. Their studies aimed at quantifying rates of seed losses in order to determine whether seed removal by runoff could explain the lack of vegetation in highly eroded badland slopes of southeastern Spain (García-Fayos and Recatalà, 1992;García-Fayos et al, 1995;García-Fayos and Cerdà, 1997;Cerdà andGarcía-Fayos, 1997, 2002; Table 1). In these stressful environments characterized by extreme rates of erosion (Gallart et al, 2013), seed inputs into the soil seed bank due to seed fall were greater than the seed outputs due to removal by erosion (21 and 5.6-12.6 % of the soil seed bank, respectively), thus resulting in a positive seed balance at the catchment scale (García-Fayos and Recatalá, 1992;García-Fayos et al, 1995).…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of Seed Fates and Movements In And On The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

Bochet

2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Since seeds are the principle means by which plants move across the landscape, the final fate of seeds plays a fundamental role in the assemblage, functioning and dynamics of plant communities. Once seeds land on the soil surface after being dispersed from the parent plant, they can be moved horizontally by surface runoff. In arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems, where seeds are scattered into a very heterogeneous environment and intense rainfalls occur, the transport of seeds by runoff to new sites may be an opportunity for seeds to reach more favourable sites for seed germination and seedling survival. Although seed transport by runoff may be of vital importance for the recruitment of plants in these ecosystems, it has received little attention in the scientific literature, especially among soil scientists. The main goals of this review paper are (1) to offer an updated conceptual model of seed fate with a focus on seed destiny in and on the soil; (2) to review studies on seed fate in overland flow and the ecological implications seed transport by runoff has for the origin, spatial patterning and maintenance of patches in arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems; and finally (3) to point out directions for future research.This review shows that seed fate in overland flow may result either in the export of seeds from the system (seed loss) or in the spatial redistribution of seeds within the system through short-distance seed movements (seed displacement). Seed transport by runoff depends on rainfall, slope and soil characteristics. Susceptibility of seed removal varies highly between species and is mainly related to seed traits, including seed size, seed shape, presence of appendages, and ability of a seed to secrete mucilage. Although initially considered as a risk of seed loss, seed removal by runoff has recently been described as an ecological driver that shapes plant composition from the first phases of the plant life by favouring species with seeds able to resist erosion and by selecting for plant traits that prevent seed loss. Moreover, the interaction of seed transport by overland flow with the high seed trapping capacity of vegetated patches results in a "patch-to-patch" transport of seeds that plays a relevant role in vegetation establishment and patterning in arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems.Overall, this review shows how the knowledge about seed fate in overland flow can be used to explain a number of important characteristics of whole plant communities. It also underlines important gaps in knowledge that should be filled in. Future lines of research are proposed in order to broaden our understanding of the origin, maintenance and dynamics of patchiness in arid and semiarid ecosystems and to improve restoration success of intensively eroded ecosystems. Among the most exciting challenges, empirical studies are needed to understand the relevance of short-distance seed displacements in the origin and maintenance of patchiness, addressing the feedbacks between structure and function and abiotic a...

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Section: Conceptual Model Of Seed Fates and Movements In And On The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Model Of Seed Fates and Movements In And On The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Model Of Seed Fates and Movements In And On The Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

Bochet

2015

SOIL

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“…A different Vt is also a significant factor for Ci Li & Shao, 2007). There is no consistent information in the literature about the effect of Sg on soil infiltration, and most authors agreed that the effect of Sg on Ci is not significant (Singer & Blackard, 1982;Mah et al, 1992;Cerdà & García-Fayos, 1997). The default factor test of the BP neural network and grey relational analysis could be used to determine the correlative extent of factors and Ci, such as Rd, Ri, Aw, Vc, Vt, and Sg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Branson et al (1972) studied the effect of vegetation cover on soil infiltration and found that the effect was positive. Previous studies reported that there is no relation between soil infiltration and gradients (Singer & Blackard, 1982;Mah et al, 1992;Cerdà & García-Fayos, 1997). Assouline & Mualem (1997) modeled sealing due to rainfall as a function of rainfall intensity, the second moment of the drop-size density distribution, the maximal drop diameter, the compaction limit, and the initial shear strength of the soil, which depend on the initial soil bulk density and water content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil infiltration based on bp neural network and grey relational analysis

Wang

Zhao

2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYSoil infiltration is a key link of the natural water cycle process. Studies on soil permeability are conducive for water resources assessment and estimation, runoff regulation and management, soil erosion modeling, nonpoint and point source pollution of farmland, among other aspects. The unequal influence of rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, antecedent soil moisture, vegetation cover, vegetation type, and slope gradient on soil cumulative infiltration was studied under simulated rainfall and different underlying surfaces. We established a six factor-model of soil cumulative infiltration by the improved back propagation (BP)-based artificial neural network algorithm with a momentum term and self-adjusting learning rate. Compared to the multiple nonlinear regression method, the stability and accuracy of the improved BP algorithm was better. Based on the improved BP model, the sensitive index of these six factors on soil cumulative infiltration was investigated. Secondly, the grey relational analysis method was used to individually study grey correlations among these six factors and soil cumulative infiltration. The results of the two methods were very similar. Rainfall duration was the most influential factor, followed by vegetation cover, vegetation type, rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture. The effect of slope gradient on soil cumulative infiltration was not significant. Index terms: rainfall intensity, vegetation cover, soil permeability, sensitivity analysis.(

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Slopewash, surface runoff and fine-litter transport in forest and landslide scars in humid-tropical steeplands, luquillo experimental forest, Puerto Rico

Larsen

Torres-Sanchez

Concepción

1999

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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Rainfall, slopewash (the erosion of soil particles), surface runoff and fine‐litter transport steepland sites in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico (18° 20’ N, 65° 45’ W) were measured from 1991 to 1995. Hillslopes underlain by (1) Cretaceous tuffaceous sandstone and silstone in subtropical rain (tanonuco) forest with vegetation recovering from Hurricane Hugo (1989), and (2) Tertiary quartz diorite in subtropical lower mantone wet (colorado and dwarf) forest with undisturbed forest canopy were compared to recent landslide scars. Monthly surface runoff on these very steep hillslopes (24° to 43°) was only 0·2 to 0·5 per cent of monthly rainfall. Slopewash was higher in sandy loam soils whose parent material is quartz diorite (averaging 46 g m−2 a−1) than in silty clay loam soils derived from tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone where the average was 9 g m−2 a−1. Annual slopewash of 100 to 349 g m−2 on the surfaces of two recent, small landslide scars was measured initially but slopewash decreased to only 3 to 4 g m−2 a−1 by the end of the study. The mean annual mass of fine litter (mainly leaves and twigs) transported downslope at the forested sites ranged from 5 to 8 g m−2 and was lower at the tabonuco forest site, where post‐Hurricane Hugo recovery is still in progress. Mean annual fine‐litter transport was 2·5 g m−2 on the two landslide scars. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

The influence of slope angle on sediment, water and seed losses on badland landscapes

Cited by 129 publications

References 11 publications

The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems

Soil infiltration based on bp neural network and grey relational analysis

Slopewash, surface runoff and fine-litter transport in forest and landslide scars in humid-tropical steeplands, luquillo experimental forest, Puerto Rico

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