The Influence of Simulated Solar Radiation on the Metabolic Rate of White-Crowned Sparrows

De, Jong; Alvin, Alfonsus

doi:10.2307/1366852

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Projecting SHG values from the experimental irradiance of 500 W/m 2 to an irradiance of 1000 W/m 2 using biophysical modeling (e.g., Campbell1977) requires doubling the absorbed radiation term and the value for radiative heat gain at each wind speed. Although empirical data are sparse and not definitive, De Jong's (1976) data for White-crowned Sparrows suggests that doubling irradiance from 500 to 1000 W/m 2 in the absence of wind increases radiative heat gain by only =50%. For the following analyses, we use DeJong's (1976) data as a conservative guide for estimating solar heat gain at 1000 W/m 2 • We also use Verdin BMR as a basis for comparing the magnitude of SHG to the Verdin's overall rate of energy expenditure.…”

Section: Solar Heat Gain and Effects Of Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Effects of Radiation and Wind on a Small Bird and Implications for Microsite Selection

Wolf¹,

Walsberg²

1996

Ecology

178

126

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The physical environmental factors (air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed) that define specific microclimates and their effects on water and energy budgets of small birds are of major importance to our understanding of avian thermal biology. We examined the effects of solar radiation, wind speed, and their interaction on metabolic rates in the Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps. Daytime resting metabolic rates and evaporative water loss rates as a function of air temperature, as well as basal metabolic rate, were also measured to allow estimation of water and energy flux rates in diverse microclimates. In the absence of solar radiation, as wind speed was increased from 0.4 to 3.0 m/s, metabolic rate increased 14%. Exposure to simulated solar radiation significantly reduced metabolic heat production at all wind speeds measured except 3.0 m/s. Solar heat gain (SHG) was estimated for an irradiance of 1000 W/m$2$, similar to that commonly observed in nature. At 0.4 m/s wind speed and 1000 W/m$2$ irradiance, SHG may reduce metabolic rate by 46%. SHG declines precipitously as wind speed is increased, and at 3.0 m/s, metabolic rate is only reduced by 3%. Analyses of changes in thermostatic costs associated with microclimate selection in winter suggest that Verdins may reduce metabolic rate by as much as 50% by shifting from a shaded, windy site to one protected from the wind and exposed to 1000 W/m$2$ solar radiation. Similar analyses for Verdins during the summer suggest that microsite selection can result in significant water savings. By remaining out of the sun and wind, Verdins can reduce their rate of evaporative water loss by at least a factor of four. This analysis clearly demonstrates the potential importance of daytime microclimate selection to balancing water and energy budgets in small birds.

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Section: Solar Heat Gain and Effects Of Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Effects of Radiation and Wind on a Small Bird and Implications for Microsite Selection

Wolf¹,

Walsberg²

1996

Ecology

178

126

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“…This effect was observed best when the feathers were erected and not when they were smooth. It has also been demonstrated that darker plumage colors absorb more solar radiation (Dejong, 1976;Hamilton and Heppner, 1967;Lustick, 1969;Heppner, 1970;Lustick et al, 1970). Lustick (1969) and Heppner (1970) show that dark birds had a significantly greater reduction in metabolism at air temperatures below the lower critical temperature than did white birds when receiving radiation.…”

Section: Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabird Energetics

1984

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All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher v vi Concerning feeding ecology, usually the big unknown in seabird studies, the combination of energetics and radiotelemetric tracking of individuals, via satellites, may yield important discoveries. And the current interest in computermodelling of the competition for fish between seabirds and man, is well served by the study of the energy requirements of seabird populations, to which this volume contributes.The physiological approach cannot supplant ecology or behaviour but will always supplement them. "Seabird energetics" is relevant to all seabird biologists. REFERENCE J. Bryan Nelson University of Aberdeen Scotland MacArthur, R. H., 1962, Some generalized theorems of natural selection, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 48: 1893.

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“…Context dependence associated with environmental heterogeneity at coarser scales is suggested by studies of small adult passerine and juvenile non‐passerine birds. Specifically, whereas exposure to simulated high‐intensity short‐wave radiation under moderate‐to‐high ambient temperatures contributes to increased body temperature and metabolic expenditure in adult white‐crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia leucophrys; De Jong ) and verdins ( Auriparus flaviceps, Wolf & Walsberg ), both the rate of heat gain and evaporative water loss can be substantially reduced by moving a few centimetres, from the sun to the shade (Wolf & Walsberg ). Juvenile gulls ( Larus argentatus ) in a heterogeneous environment are similarly capable of manipulating heat exchange and reducing energetic expenditure by moving to the shade (Dunn ; Lustick et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context‐dependent costs and constraints of begging and non‐begging activity by common grackle nestlings at the scale of the nanoclimate

2014

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Summary1. Environmental factors such as heat and solar radiation directly affect the open-cup nest environment and can impact nestling body temperature. 2. The aim of our research was to understand how open-cup passerine nestlings use behavioural thermoregulation to mitigate solar heat gain and to measure the metabolic cost of begging and non-begging activity under three light treatments: room light (<2 Wm À2 ), simulated shade (500 Wm À2 ) and simulated sun (1000 Wm À2 ). Our study coupled behavioural (field) and physiological (laboratory) experiments to explore the adaptive behavioural response of passerine nestlings to nest cup nanoclimates (sun and shade), using the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) as a model species.3. Non-begging behaviour was evaluated in the field by randomly assigning nestlings to a homogeneous (all sun) or heterogeneous (sun and shade) nest environment; measuring body temperature (T b ); and identifying behaviours from videotaped footage. The T b of nestlings without access to shade was significantly higher, and nestlings spent more time moving and panting, suggesting an increased metabolic expenditure. To test this, we duplicated the insolation nanoclimate under laboratory conditions using a 1Á0 KW Sciencetech Illumination System and measured the energetic cost of begging and non-begging activity using open-system respirometry on non-irradiated and irradiated nestlings. Our results suggest that, in grackle nestlings, the relationship between activity (begging and non-begging) and energy expenditure is context-dependent. 4. Our results identified: (i) a reduction in energy expenditure associated with accessing the shade; (ii) expenditure on non-begging activity equalled or exceeded expenditure on begging activity; and (iii) a potential behavioural constraint on begging imposed by exposure to a homogeneous sun environment (sun without access to shade). The combination of contextdependent costs and constraints suggests the potential for strategic costs associated with the heterogeneous nest environment.

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The Influence of Simulated Solar Radiation on the Metabolic Rate of White-Crowned Sparrows

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Thermal Effects of Radiation and Wind on a Small Bird and Implications for Microsite Selection

Thermal Effects of Radiation and Wind on a Small Bird and Implications for Microsite Selection

Seabird Energetics

Context‐dependent costs and constraints of begging and non‐begging activity by common grackle nestlings at the scale of the nanoclimate

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