The influence of sensory information on patch residence time in wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Persons, Matthew H.; Uetz, George W.

doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0133

Cited by 73 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…However, we found no evidence that wolf spiders respond to substrates marked by skinks. These data are consistent with previous research demonstrating that visual stimuli may be more important than chemical stimuli in influencing the predatory behavior of wolf spiders (Rovner 1991b;Persons and Uetz 1996a, 1996b, 1997.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The potential for invertebrate–vertebrate intraguild predation: the predatory relationship between wolf spiders (Gladicosa pulchra) and ground skinks (Scincella lateralis)

Rubbo¹,

Townsend²,

Smyers³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Zool.

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Intraguild predation is described as predation among organisms that exploit similar resources. As wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) are generalist predators that share habitat and food resources with the ground skink Scincella lateralis, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments to determine if wolf spiders are capable of preying upon ground skinks. Wolf spiders (Gladicosa pulchra) successfully preyed on skinks during 3 of 20 encounters, but did not overtly respond to chemical stimuli from the skinks. Skinks employed antipredatory behaviors (i.e., immobility) when exposed to visual and chemical stimuli from spiders, providing evidence that they recognize spiders as predators prior to an encounter. In an additional experiment, the hypothesis that increased skink movement would lead to an increase in spider attacks was tested. Skinks exhibited high levels of movement in this experiment, with spider predation occurring during 4 of 10 encounters. The presence of structural refugia played a significant role in this predator-prey interaction by increasing the amount of time required for a spider to prey upon a skink. Our results indicate that G. pulchra can prey upon S. lateralis, and that skinks may recognize cues deposited on the substrate by spiders. These data indicate that these two species may interact in an ecologically meaningful manner.Résumé : La prédation intraguilde se définit comme la prédation entre organismes qui exploitent des ressources semblables. Les lycoses (Araneae, Lycosidae) sont des prédateurs généralistes qui partagent leur habitat et leurs ressources alimentaires avec les Scincidae du sol (Scincella lateralis). Nous avons procédé à une série d'expériences pour détermi-ner si les lycoses peuvent être des prédateurs des scincidés. Les lycoses (Gladicosa pulchra) ont réussi à capturer leurs proies dans 3 des 20 mises en situation, mais elles ne réagissaient pas aux stimulus chimiques émis par les lézards. Les lézards avaient des comportements anti-prédateurs (i.e., l'immobilité) lorsqu'ils étaient exposés à des stimulus visuels et chimiques des lycoses, ce qui démontre qu'ils reconnaissent les araignées comme des prédateurs avant la mise en contact. Une autre expérience a servi à tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'augmentation des mouvements des lézards risque d'entraîner une augmentation des attaques par les lycoses. Les scincidés se sont déplacés beaucoup au cours de cette expérience et la prédation par les araignées a été observée dans 4 des 10 mises en situation. La présence de refuges structuraux a joué un rôle significatif dans cette interaction prédateur-proie en augmentant le temps requis pour que l'araignée attaque le lézard. Nos résultats indiquent que G. pulchra peut exercer une prédation sur S. lateralis et que les scincidés sont capables de reconnaître les indices laissés par les araignées sur le substrat. Ces deux espèces peuvent avoir des interactions d'importance écologique.[Traduit par la Rédaction] 1471 Rubbo et al.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The potential for invertebrate–vertebrate intraguild predation: the predatory relationship between wolf spiders (Gladicosa pulchra) and ground skinks (Scincella lateralis)

Rubbo¹,

Townsend²,

Smyers³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Zool.

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“…It is also possible that sensory cues contributed to the effect of prey on GUT. Other researchers have noted that adult S. ocreata alter their GUT within 0.03-m 2 laboratory arenas on the basis of visual cues in the absence of actual prey consumption (Persons and Uetz 1996). Despite the potentially complex physiological and sensory cues involved in patch choice, it is clear that prey availability substantially influences the length of time that immature Schizocosa will remain in a small area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of prey availability and conspecifics on patch quality for a cannibalistic forager: laboratory experiments with the wolf spider Schizocosa

Wagner

Wise

1997

Oecologia

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Because cannibals are potentially both predator and prey, the presence of conspecifics and alternative prey may act together to influence the rate at which cannibals prey upon each other or emigrate from a habitat patch. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae) are cannibalistic-generalist predators that hunt for prey with a sit-and-wait strategy characterized by changes in foraging site. Little information is available on how both prey abundance and the presence of conspecifics influence patch quality for these cursorial, non-web-building spiders. To address this question, laboratory experiments were conducted with spiderlings and older juveniles of the lycosid genus Schizocosa. The presence of insect prey consistently reduced rates of spider emigration when spiders were housed either alone or in groups. Solitary juvenile Schizocosa that had been recently collected from the field exhibited a median giving-up time (GUT) of 10 h in the absence of prey (Collembola); providing Collembola increased the median GUT to 64 h. For solitary spiders, the absence of prey increased by about fourfold the rate of emigration during the first 24 h. In contrast, for spiders in patches with a high density of conspecifics, the absence of prey increased the 24-h emigration rate by only 1.6-fold. For successful cannibals in the no-prey patches, the presence of conspecifics improved patch quality by providing a source of food. Mortality by cannibalism was affected by both prey availability and openness of the patch to net emigration. In patches with no net emigration, the presence of prey reduced rates of cannibalism from 79% to 57%. Spiders in patches open to emigration but not immigration experienced a rate of cannibalism (16%) that was independent of prey availability. The results of these experiments indicate that for a cannibalistic forager such as the wolf spider Schizocosa, (1) the presence of conspecifics can improve average patch quality when prey are absent, and (2) cannibalism has the potential to be a significant mortality factor under natural field conditions because cannibalism persisted in prey patches that were open to emigration.

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“…First, it would be important to investigate the cues used by antlions to assess site quality, before they start to sample their environment by constructing pits. Laboratory studies on wolf spiders showed that their tendency to stay in a particular site was higher when exposed to vibratory or visual signals of prey, and assess site quality in advance (Persons and Uetz, 1996). This capability may be very valuable when the cost of relocation is high.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Site Abandonment and Site Selection in a Sit-and-Wait Predator: A Review of Pit-Building Antlion Larvae

2006

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The influence of sensory information on patch residence time in wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Cited by 73 publications

References 58 publications

The potential for invertebrate–vertebrate intraguild predation: the predatory relationship between wolf spiders (<i>Gladicosa pulchra</i>) and ground skinks (<i>Scincella lateralis</i>)

The potential for invertebrate–vertebrate intraguild predation: the predatory relationship between wolf spiders (<i>Gladicosa pulchra</i>) and ground skinks (<i>Scincella lateralis</i>)

Influence of prey availability and conspecifics on patch quality for a cannibalistic forager: laboratory experiments with the wolf spider Schizocosa

Factors Influencing Site Abandonment and Site Selection in a Sit-and-Wait Predator: A Review of Pit-Building Antlion Larvae

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