“…With regard to CA and its related variables, independence was found to be positively associated with concern for clarity in conversations (Gudykunst, Ting-Toomey, Nishida, Kim, & Heyman, 1996;Kim, Hunter, Miyahara, Horvath, Bresnahan, & Yoon, 1996;Kim, Sharkey, & Singelis, 1994), openness in communication (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Kim, Sharkey, & Singelis, 1994;Kim et al, 1996) and negatively associated with embarrassability (Singelis & Sharkey, 1995), fear of negative evaluation (Okazaki, 1997), social anxiety (Okazaki, 1997), and communication apprehension (Hsu, 2002;Kim et al 2000;Kim et al, 2001). Interdependence was found to be positively associated with concern for not hurting others' feelings (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Kim et al, 1994Kim et al, ,1996, concern for avoiding negative evaluation, (Gudykunst et al, 1996;Kim et al, 1994Kim et al, ,1996, fear of negative evaluation (Okazaki, 1997), embarrassibility (Singelis & Sharkey, 1995), and communication apprehension (Hu & Wong, 1999).…”