The Influence of Self-care Behaviors, Empowerment and Social Support on Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Purpose:The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support on glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The data were collected during the period of July 1 to July 31, 2016. In total, 172 participants were recruited from outpatients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a health care center, a health promotion center at National Health Insurance Corporation, and a tertiary hospital. Statistical data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 using frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The study results showed that self-care behavior (β=-.34, p<.001), empowerment (β=-.34, p<.001), and social support (β=-.20, p=.018) were found to be influential factors affecting glycosylated hemoglobin, with an overall descriptive power of 69%. Conclusion: Self-care behavior, empowerment, and social support are considered to be important factors in blood glucose management for the patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, self-caring blood glucose programs and internal synchronizing education through social support and empowerment need to be improved.

Factors affecting the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatments: A multi‐mediation path analysis

“…This finding is similar to those of previous studies, in which self‐care was shown to have a direct effect on subjective health status (Bishwajit et al, 2017; Jung et al, 2015; Lee & Kim, 2017; Park, 2010). Additionally, we found diabetes self‐care activities to have significant direct and total effects on HbA1c level; this result is also consistent with those of previous studies (Jung et al, 2015; Khairnar et al, 2019; Oh & Lee, 2017).…”

“…Self-efficacy is essential for improving glycaemic control (Khairnar et al, 2019;Oh & Lee, 2017) and subjective health status (Bishwajit et al, 2017;Jung et al, 2015;Park, 2010) • Diabetes management self-efficacy had significant indirect effects on subjective health status via diabetes selfcare activities and HbA1c and was an important factor through which diabetes knowledge, psychological insulin resistance and diabetes management family support had an indirect effect on subjective health status.…”

“…Self‐efficacy is essential for improving glycaemic control (Khairnar et al, 2019; Oh & Lee, 2017) and subjective health status (Bishwajit et al, 2017; Jung et al, 2015; Park, 2010) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, such patients have been found to show low compliance with diabetes self‐management activities (Shrivastava et al, 2013), and certain self‐management aspects, such as insulin injections, are often appraised negatively by them and can increase their distress (Gonzalez et al, 2016).…”

Relationships of health literacy to self‐care behaviors in people with diabetes aged 60 and above: Empowerment as a mediator

“…() asserted that each self‐care behavior needs to be measured and scored separately, rather than combining scores across behaviors. Nevertheless, many of the previous studies have explored diabetes self‐care behaviors using only a combined score for all of the considered behaviors (Eyüboğlu & Schulz, ; Oh & Lee, ; Wang et al., ; Yamashita & Kart, ), which made it difficult to obtain information about each self‐care behavior. In contrast, the present study investigated how each self‐care behavior was individually related with health literacy and empowerment.…”

Multimodal Diabetes Empowerment for Older Adults with Diabetes

“…Several studies have applied empowerment strategies to chronic diseases, such as chronic renal failure and rheumatoid arthritis, and have succeeded in self-care and symptom management [ 5 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. According to ADA guidelines, diabetes self-management education and support should be patient-centered and provided in group or personalized settings [ 30 ].…”