The influence of selected demographic and lifestyle factors on lutein intakes by groups of Polish women

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected demographic and lifestyle factors on the intake of lutein by groups of Polish women aged 19-81 years. The study was carried out in 100 respondents in the year 2006 with the use of 4-day dietary food records. The mean intake of lutein was 2.16 mg/person/day. The primary sources of lutein in food rations of the participants were vegetables and vegetable products (72.2%), especially leafy vegetables (48.6%), cereal products (9.3%) and eggs (7.9%). The main determinants of lutein intake in the groups of Polish women were age (r=0.238, P=0.017), body mass index (r=0.250, P=0.012), place of dwelling (r=0.206, P=0.050) as well as occupation (r= - 0.249, P=0.013). The knowledge of environmental factors affecting lutein consumption is important because of its role in the prevention of diet-related diseases.

Lutein Intake and Blood Lutein Concentration Are Positively Associated with Physical Activity in Adults: A Systematic Review

“…The majority of studies focused on middle-aged populations, with two smaller cross sectional studies looking specifically at younger adults [ 15 , 16 ]. One study reported exclusively on males [ 17 ], and two on females [ 18 , 19 ]. Of the nine studies reporting both sexes [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], two included predominantly female participants [ 23 , 26 ].…”

“…None of the eligible studies, other than the one RCT [ 10 ], had reported physical activity as a primary outcome. The primary outcomes for the remaining studies included relationships between lutein status and general demographics or lifestyle factors [ 17 , 18 , 23 , 28 ], serum y-glutamyl-transferase [ 15 ], diabetic retinopathy [ 29 ], neighborhood deprivation [ 25 ], age-related macular degeneration [ 30 ], metabolic syndrome [ 20 ], macular pigment optical density [ 21 ], fruit and vegetable intake [ 22 ], feelings of hostility [ 16 ], colon cancer [ 24 ], and cardiovascular disease [ 19 , 27 ].…”

“…Across eligible studies, physical activity was measured subjectively or objectively. Subjective measures of physical activity included self-report questionnaires [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 ] or responses to interviewer questions [ 28 ]. Objective measures were only reported by two studies [ 10 , 20 ], both of which used accelerometry.…”

“…Measures of lutein status were also either subjective or objective. Subjective measures included food records [ 18 ], food frequency questionnaires [ 21 , 23 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], or other dietary questionnaires [ 24 , 26 ]. Objective measures of lutein status were blood measures (serum or plasma).…”

“…There was significant heterogeneity between reported measures of association for physical activity and lutein status (see Table 1 ). However, of the 17 eligible studies, 11 reported positive associations between lutein status and physical activity [ 10 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 30 ], three reported mixed results [ 17 , 21 , 24 ], and three reported no association [ 18 , 22 , 29 ]. No studies reported a negative association.…”