“…Although aging per se is a risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI), there are other risk factors related to lifestyle such as smoking, alcoholism, sedentary habits, sleep deprivation, psychological stress, environmental pollution, lack of socialization and leisure activities; many of these risk factors are frequently linked to urban environments (Akyol et al, 2002;Clayton et al, 1994). Also, environmental pollutants commonly found in urban environments such as ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and particulate material or material in suspension (PM) reportedly alter lipids, proteins, and DNA because they are either direct potent oxidants, or they indirectly activate intracellular oxidant pathways.…”