The Influence of Retardation on the London-van der Waals Forces

Casimir, H. B. G.; Polder, D.

doi:10.1103/physrev.73.360

Cited by 2,958 publications

(2,222 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In investigating long-range van der Waals forces in colloids together with his collaborator D. Polder he took the retardation in the electromagnetic interaction of dipoles into account and arrived at the so called Casimir-Polder forces between polarizable molecules [2]. This was later extended by E.M. Lifshitz [9] to forces between dielectric macroscopic bodies usually characterized by a dielectric constant ǫ 0 4) where ϕ(ǫ 0 ) is a tabulated function.…”

Section: The Casimir Effect As a Macroscopic Quantum Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also B n and H t =B t (in our case of non-magnetic media) are continuous. It is easy to verify that all these conditions are satisfied automatically if the quantities ε α f (1) z,α and df (1) z,α /dz or f (2) y,α and df (2) y,α /dz are continuous. Let us consider detailly the first of these conditions.…”

Section: Two Semispaces and Stratified Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One has to consider then 2) where the index J labels the quantum numbers of the field modes. For instance, for the electromagnetic field in Minkowski space the modes are labeled by a three vector k in addition to the two polarizations.…”

Section: Zero-point Oscillations and Their Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Casimir published his famous paper [1] where he found a simple yet profound explanation for the retarded van der Waals interaction (which was described by him along with D. Polder [2] only a short time before) as a manifestation of the zero-point energy of a quantized field. For a long time, the paper remained relatively unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New developments in the Casimir effect

2001

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We provide a review of both new experimental and theoretical developments in the Casimir effect. The Casimir effect results from the alteration by the boundaries of the zero-point electromagnetic energy. Unique to the Casimir force is its strong dependence on shape, switching from attractive to repulsive as function of the size, geometry and topology of the boundary. Thus the Casimir force is a direct manifestation of the boundary dependence of quantum vacuum. We discuss in depth the general structure of the infinities in the field theory which are removed by a combination of zeta-functional regularization and heat kernel expansion. Different representations for the regularized vacuum energy are given. The Casimir energies and forces in a number of configurations of interest to applications are calculated. We stress the development of the Casimir force for real media including effects of nonzero temperature, finite conductivity of the boundary metal and surface roughness. Also the combined effect of these important factors is investigated in detail on the basis of condensed matter physics and quantum field theory at nonzero temperature. The experiments on measuring the Casimir force are also reviewed, starting first with the older measurements and finishing with a detailed presentation of modern precision experiments. The latter are accurately compared with the theoretical results for real media. At the end of the review we provide the most recent constraints on the corrections to Newtonian gravitational law and other hypothetical long-range interactions at submillimeter range obtained from the Casimir force measurements.

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Section: The Casimir Effect As a Macroscopic Quantum Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Semispaces and Stratified Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zero-point Oscillations and Their Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New developments in the Casimir effect

2001

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“…The force predicted by Casimir is an attractive force induced by the exclusion of modes of electromagnetic fields in the region bounded by metallic plates. 1,2) In other words, the perturbation of zero-point vacuum fluctuations by conducting objects is the origin of the force. The force is sufficiently strong to be considered in a nanometer-scale separation embedded in nanoelectromechanical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Casimir force between a spherical gold tip and Si(111)-(7 × 7) surfaces

Yoshida¹,

Higashino²,

Sueoka³

2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Retarded intermolecular interactions involving diamagnetic molecules

Salam

2000

Int. J. Quantum Chem.

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Second-and third-order time-dependent perturbation theory within the multipolar framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics is used to calculate the retarded dispersion interaction between two diamagnetic molecules, a diamagnetic molecule and a magnetic-dipole susceptible molecule, and a diamagnetic molecule and an electric-quadrupole polarizable molecule. New expressions for the energy shift valid for all intermolecular separation distances, R, beyond the region of overlap of molecular electronic wave functions and applicable to a pair of randomly oriented molecules in the ground electronic state are given. The R-dependent behavior of the far-zone limit of the interaction energies is also examined.

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The Influence of Retardation on the London-van der Waals Forces

Cited by 2,958 publications

References 7 publications

New developments in the Casimir effect

New developments in the Casimir effect

Measurement of the Casimir force between a spherical gold tip and Si(111)-(7 × 7) surfaces

Retarded intermolecular interactions involving diamagnetic molecules

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