The influence of retardants on the formation of soybean seed productivity

Abstract

Purpose. One of the ways to improve the productivity and quality of agricultural products is the use of intensive cultivation technologies using synthetic plant growth regulators with an anti-gibberellin mechanism of action (retardants). The purpose of the research was to substantiate the peculiarities of soybean seeds productivity formation of the varieties bred in the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS Azimuth and Pallas depending on the action, group, active substance and concentration of the working solution of retardants and their effect on the laying of its crops. Methods. Field in combination with visual, measuring and mathematical and statistical. Results. During 2020-2022, the varietal reaction of soybean plants of the Azimuth and Pallada varieties to different groups, active substances and concentrations of the working solution of retardants was determined: quaternary ammonium compounds (mepiquat chloride) – 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%; triazole derivatives (paclobutrazol) – 0.025, 0.05, 0.01, 0.15%; ethylene producers (ethephon) – 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5%. According to the observations made during the seed filling phase (BBCH 80- 85) in the Azimut and Pallada varieties, lodging of crops of different degree was noted – from weak (four points) or its absence, to strong one (two points), which affected the seed yield indicators of soybeans. Conclusions. The obtained research results showed that the use of triazole-derived preparations, namely 0.05 and 0.1% concentrations of the working solution of paclobutrazol, in the budding phase (BBCH 50-59) provided favorable conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants and also contributed to the formation of the maximum seed yield indicators – 2.74 t/ha in the Azimut variety and 2.87 t/ha in the Pallada variety. Also, weak (four points) or medium (three points) crop lodging was observed in these variants of the experiment, which did not have a significant impact on the level of soybean seeds productivity.