The influence of reproductive status on rural Kenyan women's time use

Baksh, Michael; Neumann, Charlotte G.; Paolisso, Michael; Trostle, Richard; Jansen, A. A. J.

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90130-9

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Consequently, women face the universal problem of how to provide high-quality child care with minimal sacrificing of efficiency in economic activities. Women face this problem because they have limited time and energy, both provisioning and caretaking are potentially beneficial to children, and the two activities are to some extent mutually exclusive (Baksh et al 1994;Bamji and Thimayamma 2000;Hurtado et al 1985). Because this time allocation problem is one in which resources are limited, and the relevant activities can have positive outcomes, it is a trade-offproblem amenable to optimization modeling (Mansfield and Yohe 2003).…”

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confidence: 98%

The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs

Hurtado

Lambourne

Hill

et al. 2006

Hum Nat

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The socioeconomic and ethnic characteristics of parents are some of the most important correlates of adverse health outcomes in childhood. However, the relationships between ethnic, economic, and behavioral factors and the health outcomes responsible for this pervasive finding have not been specified in child health epidemiology. The general objective of this paper is to propose a theoretical approach to the study of maternal behaviors and child health in diverse ethnic and socioeconomic environments. The specific aims are: (a) to describe a causal pathway between the utility that women obtain through work outside the home and through child care and disease hazard rates in childhood using an optimization model; (b) to specify the influence of ethnic and socioeconomic factors on model constraints; (c) to use the model as a tool to learn about how different combinations of maternal wage labor and child care time might influence child health outcomes in diverse social contexts; (d) to identify parameters that will require measurement in future research; (e) to discuss research strategies that will enable us to obtain these measurements; and (f) to discuss the implications of the model for biostatistical modeling and public health intervention. Optimization models are powerful heuristic tools for understanding how ethnic, environmental, family, and personal characteristics can place important constraints on both the quality and quantity of care that women can provide to their children. They provide a quantitative appreciation for the difficult trade-offs that most women face between working in order to purchase basic goods that children cannot do without (e.g., food, clothing, shelter, health insurance), and increasing offspring well-being through child care (e.g., training in social skills, affection, protection from environmental hazards, help with homework).

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confidence: 98%

The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs

Hurtado

Lambourne

Hill

et al. 2006

Hum Nat

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“…Most previous studies find exactly this relationship. Bivariate analysis of 196 women in rural Kenya reveals that women who are pregnant or lactating reduce the time spent on labor activities to increase the time allocated to childcare and rest, particularly in the third trimester and first three months postpartum (Baksh et al 1994). A study using 24-hour recall in rural Southern India finds that pregnant women spend almost two fewer hours working in fields when compared with nonpregnant and nonlactating women; however, the study was primarily descriptive and was conducted among only 115 women (McNeill and Payne 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Managing the Double Burden: Pregnancy and Labor‐Intensive Time Use in Rural China, Mexico, and Tanzania

Peterman

Palermo

et al. 2013

Studies in Family Planning

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Labor-intensive work is often a way of life for women in rural areas of developing countries. However, physical exertion may result in poor health outcomes for mother and infant if continued through pregnancy. Using longitudinal data from China, Mexico and Tanzania, we examine the relationship between pregnancy and four time use outcomes, measured as hours spent in the last week on: 1) housework, 2) care giving, 3) agricultural work, and 4) self-employed or non-agricultural work outside the home. An individual fixed effects approach is adopted to overcome potential time invariant woman-level endogeneity of pregnancy status. With a few exceptions, we do not find significantly different time use patterns between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The assumption that women decrease labor intensive work in developing countries during pregnancy needs revisiting, and may have implications for both women’s livelihood programming and assistance during childbearing periods.

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“…Time allocation studies in Nepal and other developing countries, however, have shown pregnancy to have little or no effect on the total workload, or the total time women spend working (Panter-Brick, 1989, 1993Baksh et al, 1994). A likely explanation for the seasonal difference in activity lies in our operational de®nition of nighttime and daytime activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working after the sun goes down: Exploring how night blindness impairs women’s work activities in rural Nepal

et al. 1998

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Objective: To explore the in¯uence of night blindness during pregnancy on nighttime work activities of women. Design and Subjects: A community based case-control study was used to compare nighttime activities of night blind (cases) and non-night blind pregnant women (controls) using a 24 h recall method to measure work activities (n 116 pairs). Setting: Rural South-Eastern district in the plains of Nepal.Results: Approximately one third of the night blind women reported being`inactive' the previous night, not participating in any of the inquired work activities, as compared with only 15% of the control group P`0X031. The type of work that was signi®cantly affected was the outdoor kind such as fetching water and washing dishes. Logistic regression analysis showed that night blind women were half as likely (odds ratio 0.49, 95% con®dence interval 0.25 ± 0.98) to work at night than women without night blindness after controlling for the effects of confounding variables including gestational age, season, and protein energy malnutrition which were signi®cantly associated with nighttime work activity. Conclusions: Night blindness during pregnancy, an indicator of vitamin A de®ciency, reduces the number and type of work activities women perform at night, thus impairing women's ability to participate in normal subsistence activities by reducing their`work day'.

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The influence of reproductive status on rural Kenyan women's time use

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs

The public health implications of maternal care trade-offs

Managing the Double Burden: Pregnancy and Labor‐Intensive Time Use in Rural China, Mexico, and Tanzania

Working after the sun goes down: Exploring how night blindness impairs women’s work activities in rural Nepal

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