The Influence of Radiation on Confinement Properties of Nuclear Waste Glasses

Malkovsky, V. I.; Yudintsev, S. V.; Ojovan, Michael I.; Петров, В. А.

doi:10.1155/2020/8875723

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…iv. Glass network modificationbeta-gamma irradiations causing structural changes such as boron coordination changes, oxygen bubble formation, network polymerisation, have been reported by many authors in the literature [6,24,25,60,164,183,184]. Increase in the molecular oxygen content, increase in the network polymerisation, and densification due to decreases in the Si-O-Si bond angle is attributed to alkali migration and aggregation under beta-gamma irradiations.…”

Section: Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…With the growing energy demands and increasing greenhouse gas emissions, nuclear power is considered as one of the main candidates to meet the energy demands with very low or negligible carbon footprints [3]. This inventory of waste requires safe, effective and economic management for the sustainable utilisation of nuclear energy [3,6,7].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…over geological disposal periods. It should be resistant to aqueous dissolution to prevent any dispersal of radionuclide to the ground water and biosphere [6,10,102,116,120].…”

Section: Hlw Immobilisation -Vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e.g. 237 Np, 241,243 Am, 244,245 Cm) [6,10,13,39,129] Beta-decay of fission products produce energetic beta particles, low energy recoil nuclei and gamma rays.…”

Section: Radiation Sources In Hlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) are created by modifier cations or by radiation. Electronic interactions can disrupt the ionic bonds between NBOs and modifier cations, resulting in the formation of alkali ions which can either act as electron trap or migrate under the influence of electric field produced locally due to electron space charge or by external irradiation [6,26,166,171,181]. These alkali-ions may undergo clustering [179].…”

Section: Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation damage effects on the structure and properties of radioactive waste glasses

Rautiyal¹

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The performance assessment of glass matrices currently being used in different nuclear energy producing countries to contain and immobilise high-level waste (HLW) waste is crucial for safe and economic disposal. During the first ~500 years of geological disposal fission products will me the main source or radiation and they decay by beta-gamma emission. We studied different borosilicate glasses used in different countries to immobilise HLW, such as Indian glass (NaBaBSi), UK glasses (LiNaBSi), also called MW- Mixture Windscale, UK-CaZn a modified version of MW, French glass (SON68) and a glass proposed by six collaborating nations, called the International Simple Glass (ISG), to see whether / how irradiation defects are dependent on glass composition. Glasses were externally irradiated using a 60Co gamma source to study the effects of beta-gamma radiation (a gamma emitter loses it energy to atomic electrons they then further interact via coulombic interactions); and by He2+ ion implantation to study the effects of alpha particles. A multi-spectroscopic approach was used to characterise glass specimens before and after irradiation. NaBaBSi and LiNaBSi glasses were irradiated using 60Co gamma photons and we found boron-oxygen hole centres (BOHC), electrons trapped at alkali cations or ET centres and peroxy-radicals (PORs) as common defect in these glasses. In addition, E- or polaron centres which may be related to formation of elemental / metallic sodium colloids formed in NaBaBSi glass. Time-dependent thermal annealing of the irradiated glasses revealed that POR’s are the most thermally stable of the defect centres. BOHC and ET centres were common to SON68, ISG and CaZn glasses. In NaBaBSi, LiNaBSi and SON68 glasses loaded with non-active simulated HLW no sharp and intense signals indicative of radiation-induced paramagnetic defect centres was observed. In the study of NaBaBSi and LiNaBSi glasses doped with 0.19. 0.99, and 4.76 mol% Fe2O3 prepared in an oxidising melting environment, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy showed that gamma irradiation induced sharp and intense signals exist for only the 0 and 0.19 mol% Fe2O3 doped samples and disappeared for samples containing higher molar concentrations of Fe2O3. It is postulated that, upon gamma irradiation, in LiNaBSi glass Fe2+ is oxidised to Fe3+ by the capture of holes, whereas in NaBaBSi glass Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ due to capture of electrons. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind these different behaviours.

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Section: Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…over geological disposal periods. It should be resistant to aqueous dissolution to prevent any dispersal of radionuclide to the ground water and biosphere [6,10,102,116,120].…”

Section: Hlw Immobilisation -Vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e.g. 237 Np, 241,243 Am, 244,245 Cm) [6,10,13,39,129] Beta-decay of fission products produce energetic beta particles, low energy recoil nuclei and gamma rays.…”

Section: Radiation Sources In Hlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation damage effects on the structure and properties of radioactive waste glasses

Rautiyal¹

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Nuclear Waste Vitrification and Chemical Durability

Hand¹

2022

Advanced Structured Materials

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Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA): an Apollo Participating Scientist Program to Prepare the Lunar Sample Community for Artemis

Shearer,

McCubbin,

Eckley

et al. 2024

Space Sci Rev

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As a first step in preparing for the return of samples from the Moon by the Artemis Program, NASA initiated the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program (ANGSA). ANGSA was designed to function as a low-cost sample return mission and involved the curation and analysis of samples previously returned by the Apollo 17 mission that remained unopened or stored under unique conditions for 50 years. These samples include the lower portion of a double drive tube previously sealed on the lunar surface, the upper portion of that drive tube that had remained unopened, and a variety of Apollo 17 samples that had remained stored at −27 °C for approximately 50 years. ANGSA constitutes the first preliminary examination phase of a lunar “sample return mission” in over 50 years. It also mimics that same phase of an Artemis surface exploration mission, its design included placing samples within the context of local and regional geology through new orbital observations collected since Apollo and additional new “boots-on-the-ground” observations, data synthesis, and interpretations provided by Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt. ANGSA used new curation techniques to prepare, document, and allocate these new lunar samples, developed new tools to open and extract gases from their containers, and applied new analytical instrumentation previously unavailable during the Apollo Program to reveal new information about these samples. Most of the 90 scientists, engineers, and curators involved in this mission were not alive during the Apollo Program, and it had been 30 years since the last Apollo core sample was processed in the Apollo curation facility at NASA JSC. There are many firsts associated with ANGSA that have direct relevance to Artemis. ANGSA is the first to open a core sample previously sealed on the surface of the Moon, the first to extract and analyze lunar gases collected in situ , the first to examine a core that penetrated a lunar landslide deposit, and the first to process pristine Apollo samples in a glovebox at −20 °C. All the ANGSA activities have helped to prepare the Artemis generation for what is to come. The timing of this program, the composition of the team, and the preservation of unopened Apollo samples facilitated this generational handoff from Apollo to Artemis that sets up Artemis and the lunar sample science community for additional successes.

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The Influence of Radiation on Confinement Properties of Nuclear Waste Glasses

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Radiation damage effects on the structure and properties of radioactive waste glasses

Radiation damage effects on the structure and properties of radioactive waste glasses

Nuclear Waste Vitrification and Chemical Durability

Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA): an Apollo Participating Scientist Program to Prepare the Lunar Sample Community for Artemis

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