The Influence of Pulse and Respiration on Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsation

Abstract

The pulsation in the lower spine seems to be related to a second motor of CSF movement because there is a rising respiratory influence and a reappearance of pulsation waves. Physiological spinal CSF pulsation contains a relevant respiratory component.

Identification of the Upward Movement of Human CSFIn Vivoand its Relation to the Brain Venous System

“…The latter communicate freely with the large subarachnoid spaces of the spinal canal via the foramen magnum at the craniocervical junction. Recently, we identified forced inspiration as a major regulator of human CSF flow by applying a novel real-time MRI technique (Dreha-Kulaczewski et al, 2015). In contrast to earlier work using phase-contrast flow MRI techniques with cardiac gating (Greitz et al, 1993;Stadlbauer et al, 2010), the CSF flow related to heartbeat was found to represent only a minor component of the total flow.…”

“…In contrast to earlier work using phase-contrast flow MRI techniques with cardiac gating (Greitz et al, 1993;Stadlbauer et al, 2010), the CSF flow related to heartbeat was found to represent only a minor component of the total flow. The unique possibility of measuring CSF dynamics directly by real-time MRI at high spatial and temporal resolution allowed for its evaluation independent of the assumption of any periodicity and thus disclosed inspiration as the dominating driving force (Dreha-Kulaczewski et al, 2015). However, the previously applied real-time MRI method only enabled qualitative identification of flow perpendicular through the imaging section, which precluded more relevant quantitative evaluations of respiratory-driven CSF flux.…”

A review on continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging instrumentation and methodology

“…heartbeat,~1 Hz), respiration (~0.3 Hz), low frequency (LF) (Mayer wave) (~0.1 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF) oscillations (b0.1 Hz) of different physiological origin (Cheng et al, 2012;Julien, 2006;Obrig et al, 2000a;Phillip et al, 2012;Reinhard et al, 2006;Tong et al, 2011;Toronov et al, 2000;Trajkovic et al, 2011). Also oscillations in the CSF (Droste and Krauss, 1997;Feinberg and Mark, 1987;Friese et al, 2004;Gupta et al, 2010;Kao et al, 2008;Strik et al, 2002) and even periodic displacements of the brain itself (Enzmann and Pelc, 1992;Feinberg and Mark, 1987;Poncelet et al, 1992;Soellinger et al, 2007Soellinger et al, , 2009) may contribute to the non-evoked signals. Spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations are present in the cerebral and extracerebral compartment (Habermehl et al, 2012b).…”

Sensitivity of PPI analysis to differences in noise reduction strategies

“…It is clear that fMRI signals measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments do not arise from neuronal activity (i.e., they are not BOLD-related). The ventricular system in the human brain and the fMRI signals reflecting liquor flows are quite complex (Baledent et al, 2001(Baledent et al, , 2006Friese et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2007;Linninger et al, 2009;Stoquart-ElSankari et al, 2007;Sweetman and Linninger, 2011;Windischberger et al, 2002). Some representatives of CSF signals can be extracted directly from data (as voxel time series or as principal components from some CSF areas-e.g., the lateral ventricles) and used as regressors in the general linear model (GLM) during fMRI data analysis.…”