The influence of pregnancy and oral contraceptive steroids on the concentration of plasma proteins

Cao, Song; Merkatz, Irwin R.; Rifkind, Arleen B.; Gillette, Peter N.; Kappas, Attallah

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(70)90301-7

Cited by 102 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We found consistently diminished IgG serum levels throughout gestation. Data published in the literature differ regarding the levels of the various immunoglobulins during pregnancy, but it has been generally found that IgG concentrations are diminished during gestation in accordance with our results [4, 22,29,30]. The present investigation also demonstrated a significant negative correlation between AFP and IgG levels.…”

Section: Serum Immunoglobulins and Afp Levels During Normal Pregnancysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We have already demonstrated that PHA lymphocyte proliferation, the simplest and most reproductible in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity [21], is not influenced by the levels of AFP encountered in pregnancy serum [23], in cord serum [32] and also in amniotic fluid [33]. Altered concentrations of immunoglobulins during pregnancy have been described and the findings of some investigators suggest that AFP may act on humoral immunity [4,5,17,20,29,30]. The present study was designed to firstly compare the levels of the immunoglobulins G, M and A in sera of women at various stages of gestation and in sera of age matched non-pregnant females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between serum immunoglobulin G and alpha-fetoprotein levels during human pregnancy

Wajner

Papiha²,

Wagstaff³

1987

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Section: Serum Immunoglobulins and Afp Levels During Normal Pregnancysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between serum immunoglobulin G and alpha-fetoprotein levels during human pregnancy

Wajner

Papiha²,

Wagstaff³

1987

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…Our results agree with an experimental study of 15 women, where an 18% decline in alpha-1 acid glycoprotein over 4 weeks, 36 was observed. Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and albumin are also lower in pregnancy, 37 suggesting decreased synthesis or increased clearance by estrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone Replacement Therapy, Inflammation, and Hemostasis in Elderly Women

Cushman

Meilahn

Psaty

et al. 1999

ATVB

209

126

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Abstract-Lipid-lowering by postmenopausal hormone therapy (HRT) explains only partly the assumed coronary risk reduction associated with therapy. To explore other possible mechanisms, we studied associations of HRT use with inflammation and hemostasis risk markers in women Ն65 years of age. Subjects were selected from 3393 participants in the fourth year examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study, an observational study of vascular disease risk factors. After excluding women with vascular disease, we compared levels of inflammation and hemostasis variables in the 230 women using unopposed estrogen and 60 using estrogen/progestin, with those of 196 nonusers selected as controls. Compared with nonusers, unopposed estrogen use was associated with 59% higher mean C-reactive protein (PϽ0.001), but with modestly lower levels of other inflammation indicators, fibrinogen, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (PϽ0.001). Factor VIIc was 16% higher among estrogen users (PϽ0.001), but this was not associated with higher thrombin production (prothrombin fragment 1-2), or increased fibrin breakdown (D-dimer). Concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was 50% lower in both using groups (PϽ0.001) compared with nonusers, and this was associated with higher plasmin-antiplasmin complex: 8% higher in estrogen and 18% higher in estrogen/progestin users (PϽ0.05). Relationships between the markers and hormone use were less pronounced in estrogen/progestin users, with no association for C-reactive protein except in women in upper 2 tertiles of body mass index (P for interaction, 0.02).The direction and strength of the associations of HRT use with inflammation markers differed depending on the protein, so it is not clear whether HRT confers coronary risk reduction through an inflammation-sensitive mechanism. Associations with hemostasis markers indicated no association with evidence of procoagulation and a possible association with increased fibrinolytic activity.

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“…However, it remains to be determined if the plasma protein binding of basic drugs is altered to a clinically relevant degree during and after pregnancy. Previous studies (Haram et al, 1984;Song et al, 1970) have shown that uncomplicated human pregnancy is associated with a decrease in plasma concentrations of al-acid glycoprotein (AAG), which is responsible for the protein binding of various basic drugs (Piafsky, 1980;Routledge, 1986). However, others (Chu et al, 1981;Krauer et al, 1984) have failed to confirm this finding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma protein binding of disopyramide in pregnant and postpartum women, and in neonates and their mothers.

Echizen

Nakura

Saotome

et al. 1990

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 The protein binding of disopyramide was measured in plasma obtained from nonpregnant women, pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters, matched pairs of mothers and neonates (cord plasma), and 1 month postpartum women (n = 6 or 8 of each). 2 Plasma samples spiked with 0.2-12.0 ug ml-l of the drug were ultrafiltered and the free fractions were measured with a fluorescent polarization immunoassay.3 The mean (± s.d.) percentages of free drug at a total concentration of 3.0 pug ml-' observed in the third trimester (46 ± 9%) and neonate (79 ± 5%) groups were greater (P < 0.05 or 0.01) than that in the non-pregnant group (34 + 7%). In contrast, the corresponding value observed in the postpartum group (23 ± 8%) was less (P < 0.05) than that in the non-pregnant group. In addition, there was a significant (P < 0.01) difference in the mean percentage of free drug at 3.0 ,ug ml-' in plasma from mothers (43 ± 9%) and neonates (79 ± 5%).4 A multiple regression analysis indicated that a,-acid glycoprotein (r = -0.88, P < 0.01), rather than albumin (r = -0.008), dominated the binding of disopyramide within the therapeutic range of drug concentration. An analysis of the binding parameters of disopyramide suggested that alterations in binding were attributable to changes in the capacity rather than the affinity of binding. 5 These data suggest that: 1) the antiarrhythmic effects of disopyramide at a given total (free + bound) therapeutic plasma concentration may be greater in women in the third trimester of pregnancy and in neonates, but may be reduced in postpartum women at 1 month, compared with non-pregnant women; 2) plasma a,-acid glycoprotein concentration may serve as a useful index to predict alterations in disopyramide binding; and 3) the mean foetal/maternal total plasma concentration ratio of disopyramide within the therapeutic total drug concentration of 2.0 to 5.0 jig ml-' in maternal plasma should be about 0.78.Keywords disopyramide protein binding pregnancy neonate postpartum ao-acid glycoprotein

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The influence of pregnancy and oral contraceptive steroids on the concentration of plasma proteins

Cited by 102 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship between serum immunoglobulin G and alpha-fetoprotein levels during human pregnancy

Relationship between serum immunoglobulin G and alpha-fetoprotein levels during human pregnancy

Hormone Replacement Therapy, Inflammation, and Hemostasis in Elderly Women

Plasma protein binding of disopyramide in pregnant and postpartum women, and in neonates and their mothers.

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